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NOTES 09 / 02 /1 4

NOTES 09 / 02 /1 4. WHAT IS MATTER?. MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space. Examples of Matter: glass, paper, air, water, oil, polysnow, bouncy balls, etc. 1. SOLID (chair you sit in) LIQUID (water you drink) GAS (air you breathe) PLASMA (stars and space). 2.

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NOTES 09 / 02 /1 4

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  1. NOTES 09/02/14

  2. WHAT IS MATTER? MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space. Examples of Matter: glass, paper, air, water, oil, polysnow, bouncy balls, etc. 1

  3. SOLID (chair you sit in) LIQUID (water you drink) GAS (air you breathe) PLASMA (stars and space) 2

  4. WHAT IS PLASMA? Go to: http://www.plasmas.org/what-are-plasmas.htm Read the website and answer: What is plasma? 3 About this picture: A huge, handle-shaped cloud of relatively cool dense plasma suspended in the sun's hot, thin corona. (Image is taken from NASA's Web site: http://www.nasa.gov.)

  5. Grapes and Plasma??? (Don't try at home!!!!)

  6. Properties of Matter Matter has many different properties (not everything is the same) Chemistry is study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. 4

  7. Matter is classified into 2 main categories: 1) PURE SUBSTANCES 2) and MIXTURES 5

  8. A pure substance has a single kind of matter, that is pure. This means it always has a specific makeup or composition.  There are THREE types of pure substances: elements, molecules, and compounds. Go to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/compositionWhat is the definition of composition? 6 Table salt is a pure substance made up of Sodium and Chlorine it is ALWAYS NaCl

  9. Elements:A pure substance composed of one kind of atom; the simplest form of matter. Elements can not be broken down EX: Carbon, Hydrogen,  and Oxygen 7      Aluminum is a element found on the Periodic Table. It is a both solid and a metal.

  10. ATOMS The atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made. Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different.This is why helium gas has different properties than the metal gold. The Core is the NUCLEUS. This is a model of the element Fluorine (F) Black = Electrons (negative) Purple = Neutrons (neutral) Red = Protons (positive) 8

  11. MOLECULES: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms combine. Atoms combine due to a force of attraction, called chemical bonds. 9 This is a WATER MOLECULE (H2O) The force that holds that hydrogen and oxygen atoms together is called a chemical bond. O H

  12. Compound: 2 or more elements chemically combined together in a set ratio EX: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) 10 A chemical formula shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms

  13. A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements or compounds, or both) that are together but NOT chemically combined. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties 11 Soil is a “mixture”

  14. Not chemically combined EX: sand What is sand? Go to: http://www.planetseed.com/node/49912 12

  15. Go to the following website and write down the definition of a mixture and some examples. http://education.jlab.org/qa/mixture.html 13

  16. Mixtures are either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Heterogeneous   vs.      Homogeneous 14

  17. Mixtures are classified by how “well-mixed” they are. A solution is the “best mixed” mixture EX: Sugar water 15

  18. Characteristic Properties of matter are the properties about a substance that are always true Help identify unknown matter Characteristic Properties include boiling point and melting point 16

  19. Water boils at 100 ºC Temp. at which a liquid boils 17

  20. Ice melts at 0ºC Temp at which a solid melts 18

  21. CelsiusThermometer 19 Observe the thermometer …. It gives you an idea of different temperatures! -

  22. Physical Change: changes the form of a substance but not its identity EX: Filtering orange juice/pulp Chemical Change: a change that results in a new substance being formed EX: Burning Wood 22

  23. Chemical Reactions . . .

  24. Physical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that can be observed without changing it into substance. Examples of physical properties: hardness, texture, flexibility, and color. 20 Example: slinky (metal is flexible and shiny)

  25. Chemical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that describe its ability to change into a different substance Examples of chemical properties: flammability, ability to react, ability to produce a new substance 21 Example: Iron rusting (Iron will combine slowly with the air to form a new substance, rust)

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