Blood components

1. Blood components

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18--LFIs-FM Video

3. is a body fluid that delivers necessary substances, such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. • Have ~5-6 liters of blood blood

4. A. Plasma B. Blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells) C. Platelets There are three components of blood

5. Functions of the BLood

6. O2 from lungs to cells of the body • CO2 from cells to lungs • Nutrients from digestive system to cells • Hormones from endocrine glands to organs • Waste products (urea to kidney) Transportation

7. Control and maintain body temperature (~37oC) • Maintain normal pH levels (~ pH 7.4) • Maintaining fluid volume Regulation

8. Prevent infection through white blood cells and antibodies detecting and attacking foreign substances • Prevention of loss of fluids by blood clotting Protection

9. Components of the BLood

10. Liquid part of the blood • Straw-coloured, sticky fluid • Makes up 55% of blood volume • Composed of 91.5% water and 7% proteins, 1.5 % dissolved solutes. Plasma

11. Albumins — Maintains blood pressure • Fibrinogen — Necessary for blood clotting • Globulins — Are transport proteins and some involved in immune response (antibodies) Plasma PROTEINS:

12. Two types: • Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) • White Blood Cells (WBC’s) Blood Cells

13. NO NUCLEUS (present during development but shrinks and disintegrates as it matures) • Why??? • the loss of the nucleus allows change of shape of the cell and increases the overall SURFACE AREA  More area for CO2 and O2 gas exchange • NO ORGANELLES Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

14. Disc-shaped: flattened discs with depressed centers • Shape is ideal for gas exchange

15. Created by the bone marrow • Hematopoiesis – the process by which blood cells are produced

16. Live about 120 days • Replacement rate: 1-2 million per second!

17. Contains hemoglobin  structure that transports O2

18. REMEMBER: main function is to transport respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)

19. Complete cells – has a nucleus and organelles • They are spherical and can change shape • Larger in size than red blood cells (RBC’s) • Less numerous than RBC’s WHITE Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

20. Main function is to protect the body by fighting foreign invaders and infection

21. Neutrophils > Lymphocytes > Monocytes > Eosinophils > Basophils • (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas) From most abundant to least abundant WBC’s:

23. WBCs are Granular or Agranular

24. Includes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils • Roughly spherical in shape • Lobed nucleus • Granules in cytoplasm (secretory vesicles) Granular Leukocytes: Contains granules

26. Neutrophils – most abundant phagocyte in the body Eosinophil – kill parasites by secreting toxin on them Basophil – contribute to the inflammatory response

27. Includes: lymphocytes and monocytes • Spherical or kidney-shaped nucleus • Lymphocytes – T, B, and Natural Killer cells (NK) Agranular Leukocytes: Lack Granules

28. B cells – produce antibodies • T Cells - recognize and respond to abnormal or infected cells. • NK cells - destroy infected cells. • Monocytes – large phagocytes

30. Cell fragments (derived from Megakaryocyte in bone marrow) • No Nucleus • Live about 7 days • Main Function is blood clot formation. Platelets (aka thrombocytes)

32. Blood DIsorders

33. Hereditary bleeding disorder • Caused by either a lack of clotting factor VIII (8) or clotting factor IX (9) • Symptoms often include: nosebleeds, easy to bruise, joint and muscle pain due to bleeding, blood in urine. • No cure. Patients often treated through injections of purified clotting factor or transfusion of blood plasma. HeMOPHILIA

35. Lack of healthy red blood cells • May be caused by many conditions. Examples: loss of blood, infections, and poor nutrition (low intake of iron needed for hemoglobin structure) • Symptoms often include: fatigue, pale skin, short of breath and feeling cold. • Treatment depends on the cause of anemia. Treatments may range from nutritional supplements (such as iron) to blood transfusions. Anemia

37. Fatal hereditary blood disorder • The gene for sickle cell is prominent in people of recent African decent  having one copy of gene protects against malaria, having two copies is fatal (one from mom, one from dad) • Causes misshapen red blood cells (crescent shaped) which makes them less effective at gas exchange Sickle cell anemia

38. Type of cancer where the body makes too many white blood cells. • Most common type of cancer in children • Can interfere with production of RBCs and/or function of WBCs • Causes the immune system to not function properly • Often treated with chemotherapy Leukemia

40. Cancer of the lymphatic system, typically in the lymph nodes. • Can easily spread to the bloodstream and infect other parts of the body. • Causes weaken immune system. • Typically treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Hodgkin’s Disease

42. Blood types are determined by proteins called antigensfound on surface of RBC Blood TYping

43. Type B antibodies Type A antibodies No antibodies Type A and B antibodies

46. Type O • Rh- • Has no antigens on RBC to react with antibodies in recipient’s plasma Universal Donor

47. Type AB • Rh+ • Has no antibodies in plasma to react with any donor blood antigens Universal Recipient