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Establish Goals (Fed NAAQS)

Ambient Air Quality. Linear Causality Framework and Bachmann AQM Loop. Economy GDP$/ yr. SOX Emiss . T/ yr. Population P. Fuel Cons. T/ yr. Energy Use Btu/ yr. Per Cap Econ (GDP/P). Energy Efficiency ( Btu/GDP). Fuel Eny . Factor (T/ Btu ). Emissions Factor (T/T) .

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Establish Goals (Fed NAAQS)

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  1. Ambient Air Quality Linear Causality Framework and Bachmann AQM Loop Economy GDP$/yr SOX Emiss. T/yr Population P Fuel Cons. T/yr Energy Use Btu/yr Per Cap Econ (GDP/P) Energy Efficiency (Btu/GDP) Fuel Eny. Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T) Establish Goals (Fed NAAQS) Track and Evaluate Results Develop programs To achieve goals Implement and Enforce Strategies Determine Emission Reductions

  2. Linear Causality and Bachmann Air Quality Management Loop • Current ambient air quality is simulated through monitoring and modeling • NAAQS are set by the EPA based on health effects of criteria pollutants • Required emission reductions are determined for areas designated as in non-attainment • Programs to achieve these goals are developed – State Implementation Plans • Strategies for reduction in SIP are implemented and enforced SOX Emiss. T/yr Ambient Air Quality Establish Goals (Fed NAAQS) Determine Emission Reductions Develop programs To achieve goals Implement and Enforce Strategies

  3. Economy GDP$/yr SOX Emiss. T/yr Fuel Cons. T/yr Linear Causality and Bachmann Air Quality Management Loop • Strategies for pollutant reduction are implemented and enforced • Potential impact on emissions factor: installation of scrubbers, other tailpipe solutions • Potential impact on fuel environmental factor: SIP driven change of fuel mix, increased green tech subsidies • Potential impact on energy efficiency: mandated efficiency standards (res/comm appliances, car mileage) Energy Use Btu/yr Energy Efficiency (Btu/GDP) Fuel Eny. Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T) Implement and Enforce Strategies

  4. Linear Causality and Bachmann Air Quality Management Loop • Following the implementation and enforcement of strategies in different sectors, ambient air quality is theoretically affected through the linear causality framework • These results are then tracked and evaluated to determine success • If NAAQS have still not been met, new emission reductions must be determined and the AQM control mechanism kicks in again SOX Emiss. T/yr Ambient Air Quality Establish Goals (Fed NAAQS) Track and Evaluate Results Determine Emission Reductions

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