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Biology STAAR review

Biology STAAR review. Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis Replication, Transcription and Translation. Cell Cycle. The cell cycle is divided into two parts: Interphase Mitosis (M phase). Cell Cycle. Label the diagram. G 1. S. G 2. Metaphase. Prophase. Spindle Fibers. Centrioles.

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Biology STAAR review

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  1. Biology STAAR review Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis Replication, Transcription and Translation

  2. Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is divided into two parts: • Interphase • Mitosis (M phase)

  3. Cell Cycle • Label the diagram G1 S G2

  4. Metaphase Prophase Spindle Fibers Centrioles Nuclear Envelope Anaphase Chromosome Interphase Cell membrane Nucleus Centrioles Telophase & Cytokinesis Sister Chromatids Chromatin Daughter Cells

  5. Cell Cycle

  6. Meiosis • Process of cell divisions making gametes (haploid sex cells) • Homologous chromosomes – matching chromosome sets from mother and father • Crossing over – happens in Prophase 1 of meiosis, increases genetic diversity of gametes

  7. Meiosis • Label the diagram Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2

  8. Replication • Replication is the process of creating two IDENTICAL copies of a DNA molecule • Both strands of DNA act as a template to make two identical copies of the original

  9. Replication • Original DNA opens and each strand acts as a template for the new DNA strands

  10. Replication • Chargaff’s rules state that: • Adenine pairs with Thymine (A = T) • Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G C) Fill in the complementary strand of DNA T A C A A G C CCC T C A G G C G C T TT A A C A C T A T G T T C G GGG A G T C C G C G A AA T T G T G A • Replication happens during S phase of interphase

  11. Transcription • Transcription is the process of making a copy of DNA into mRNA • Transcription takes place in the Nucleus m

  12. Transcription • RNA is different than DNA • RNA used the following base pairs A, C, G, U Fill in the complementary strand of mRNA T A C A A G C CCC T C A G G C G C T TT A A C A C T A U G U U C GGGGAG U C C G C G A AA U U GU G A Now box the CODONs

  13. Replication and Transcription Comparison

  14. Translation • Translation is the process of building the Polypeptide (Protein) chain • Translation takes place on the Ribosomein the Cytoplasmof the cell • Polypeptides (Proteins) are made of Amino Acids

  15. Translation • mRNA’s Codonsmatch to the tRNA’sAnticodons • The Ribosomeconnects Aminoacidstogether to make the Protein

  16. Translation Use the mRNA codon chart to determine the sequence of the Amino Acids A U G U U C GGGGAG U C C G C G A AA U U GU G A MET – PHE – GLY – GLU – SER – ALA – LYS – LEU - stop

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