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Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation

Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation Construct a systemic-functional grammar that can generate (at least) the following sentences: 1. John saw Mary. 2. Did John see Mary? 3. Mary was seen by John. 4. The woman saw John. 5. The ball is green.

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Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation

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  1. Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation Construct a systemic-functional grammar that can generate (at least) the following sentences: 1. John saw Mary. 2. Did John see Mary? 3. Mary was seen by John. 4. The woman saw John. 5. The ball is green. 6. The woman saw the green ball. 7. The woman saw the ball that was green. Think of the semantics involved in each case, too.

  2. Steps to a solution (1):constructing the network • Consider the linguistic functions of each clause • Consider the linguistic functions of each of the constituents of each clause • Consider which constituent-functions reoccur in different clauses • Consider in which orders and in which combinations the constituent-functions occur

  3. Clause functions 1. John saw Mary. 2. Did John see Mary? 3. Mary was seen by John. 4. The woman saw John. 5. The ball is green. 6. The woman saw the green ball. 7. The woman saw the ball that was green. Statement Yes-no-question Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement

  4. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question

  5. Constituent functions 1. [John] saw [Mary]. 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4. [The woman] saw [John]. 5. [The ball] is [green]. 6. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement

  6. Constituent functions 1. [John] saw [Mary]. 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4. [The woman] saw [John]. 5. [The ball] is [green]. 6. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement

  7. Constituent functions [John] saw [Mary]. [The woman] saw [John]. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].

  8. Senser Phenomenon Constituent functions [John] saw [Mary]. [The woman] saw [John]. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. The one who senses something The entity of phenomenon sensed

  9. Constituent functions saw Process Senser Phenomenon [John] [John] [Mary] [The woman] [the green ball] [the ball that was green]

  10. Constituent functions Process Senser Phenomenon +Senser +Process +Phenomenon Senser^Process Process^Phenomenon

  11. Constituent functions saw Process Senser Phenomenon [John] [John] [Mary] [The woman] [the green ball] [the ball that was green]

  12. NP / nominal groups NP / nominal groups Constituent functions ! saw Process Phenomenon [John] [Mary] [the green ball] [the ball that was green] Senser [John] [The woman]

  13. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement +Senser +Process +Phenomenon Yes-no-question

  14. Constituent functions 1. [John] saw [Mary]. 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4. [The woman] saw [John]. 5. [The ball] is [green]. 6. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement

  15. Constituent functions 1. [John] saw [Mary]. 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4. [The woman] saw [John]. 5. [The ball] is [green]. 6. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement Statement

  16. Constituent functions 5. [The ball] is [green]. Process ? ? is

  17. Carrier Attribute Constituent functions 5. [The ball] is [green]. Process ? ? is The thing that carries some property The property that is attributed

  18. NP / nominal groups Adjectival phrase / Adjective Constituent functions ! is Process Attribute [green] Carrier [The ball]

  19. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement +Senser +Process +Phenomenon Yes-no-question

  20. A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Process +Attribute statement sensing +Senser +Process +Phenomenon Yes-no-question

  21. A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute statement +Process sensing +Senser +Phenomenon Yes-no-question

  22. Constituent functions 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]].

  23. Phenomenon Senser Constituent functions 3. [Mary] was seen [by [John]]. Process ? was seen ? The entity of phenomenon sensed The one who senses something

  24. Grammatical proportionalities John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John :: The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman :: John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John :: [active clause] : [passive clause]

  25. Grammatical proportionalities John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John :: The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman :: John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John :: [active clause] : [passive clause] Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform

  26. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute statement +Process sensing +Senser +Phenomenon Yes-no-question

  27. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute statement active +Process Senser / Subject Process :: activeform sensing +Senser +Phenomenon passive Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Yes-no-question

  28. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute Subject/Carrier statement active +Process Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Subject^Process sensing +Senser +Phenomenon passive Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Yes-no-question

  29. Clause functions 2. Did John see Mary? Yes-no-question

  30. Clause functions 2. Did John see Mary? Yes-no-question Finite Subject Senser Process Phenomenon Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Finite^Subject

  31. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute Subject/Carrier statement active +Process Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Subject^Process sensing +Senser +Phenomenon +Subject passive Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Yes-no-question

  32. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system attributing +Carrier +Attribute Subject/Carrier statement active +Process Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Subject^Finite sensing +Senser +Phenomenon +Subject passive Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Yes-no-question Finite^Subject

  33. One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 1 attributing +Carrier +Attribute Subject/Carrier statement active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Subject^Finite Finite/Process sensing +Senser +Phenomenon +Subject +Process +Finite passive Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Yes-no-question Finite^Subject

  34. One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 2 attributing +Carrier +Attribute Subject/Carrier active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform sensing +Subject +Process +Finite +Senser +Phenomenon passive statement Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Finite Finite/Process Yes-no-question Finite^Subject

  35. NP or nominal group functions [John] [Mary] [The woman] ? => [the ball] [the green ball] [the ball that was green]

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