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Analogies

Discover the different types of word analogies, such as synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, category-subcategory, whole-part, function, and verb forms. Learn how to choose the correct word to complete an analogy and practice solving analogies to improve your logic and language skills.

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Analogies

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  1. Analogies Understanding Word Patterns

  2. Analogies are Word Relationships

  3. A definition… • An analogy is a comparison between two things, and the comparison is used to determine the relationship between different sets of things. Bark is to dog as meow is to cat.

  4. Word Analogies • Analogies develop logic. • Analyze two words and identify the relationship between them. • Find another pair of words that has the same relationship.

  5. Many Different Types of Analogies • Synonym: cool is to chilly • Antonym: hot is to cold • Homonym: there is to there • Category/subcategory: vegetable is to celery • Part to whole: core is to apple • Function to thing: cook is to stove • Functions: microwave is to cook • Verb Forms: go is to goes

  6. Synonyms • Words that have the same meanings

  7. Types of Analogies • What’s the relationship? • DRY : ARID :: lost : mislaid • Both words have similar meanings so this relationship is a synonym

  8. Antonyms • Words that have opposite meanings

  9. Types of Analogies • What’s the relationship? • KIND : CRUEL :: happy : sad • Both words have opposite meanings, so their relationship is an antonym.

  10. Homonyms • Same sound, different meanings

  11. Types of Analogies • What’s the relationship? • Hair is to hare as bear is to bare. • Present : present :: read : reed • Both words have the same sounds, so their relationship is a homonym

  12. Category-Subcategory • Category: a class or group of things, people, etc., possessing some quality or qualities in common • Subcategory: A subdivision that has common differentiating characteristics within a larger category.

  13. Types of Analogies • Example: Color is to red as number is to five. • Categories: color and number • Sub-Categories : red and five

  14. Whole-Part • WHOLE includes everything. Part is only a part of the whole. • Hand is to finger as foot is to toe. • Whole: hand/foot • Part: finger/ toe

  15. Types of Analogies • What’s the relationship? • POEM : STANZA :: play : acts • CHAPTER: BOOK :: fender : automobile • Whole/Part.

  16. Function • An activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing

  17. Types of Analogies • What’s the relationship? • KNIFE : CUT :: shovel : dig • The function of a knife is to cut. • Function

  18. Verb Tenses • a category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place • Examples: past, present, future

  19. Types of Analogies • Win is to won as lose is to lost. • Swim : swam :: eat : ate. • Present and past tenses are Verb Tenses

  20. Types of Analogies How do you choose the correct word to complete an analogy?

  21. Guidelines to solve analogies • decide upon the relationship between first 2 words • state the relationship - car is to tire because___________ • examine the third word – chair • select a fourth word that will make the third-fourth word have the same relationship as the first-second word • be ready to explain your fourth word selection Car is to tire as chair is to ______.

  22. Model and Practice • On is to off as start is to __________. • stop, opposites • Nail is to finger as hair is to _________. • head, part to whole • Eye is to see as ear is to ____________. • hear, thing to function • Swift is to deer as slow is to _________. • turtle, characteristic to thing • Wool is to sheep as egg is to _________. • chicken, product to thing

  23. Now what do you think? • Is this analogy correct?

  24. More Analogies to Solve • Quia - Awesome Analogies –Practice your knowledge of analogies through these interactive challenge questions.http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html • Quia – Hangman Analogies - Here is an interactive hangman game format to practice analogies.http://www.quia.com/hm/22953.html • Fact Monster – Analogy of the Day - Practice for every day! http://www.factmonster.com/analogies

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