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Needs on Livestock Services for Smallholders in China: Improving the Competitiveness of Smallholder Pork and Milk

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Needs on Livestock Services for Smallholders in China: Improving the Competitiveness of Smallholder Pork and Milk

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    1. ????????????? ——????????????????? Needs on Livestock Services for Smallholders in China: Improving the Competitiveness of Smallholder Pork and Milk Producers ??? ???(?????) ????????????????? Professor Zhang Cungen Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 CHINA

    2. ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????

    3. ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????? ??????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????

    4. ??????????? ????????,????119?????(??????????71?48???)?104?????(???????????69?36???)2002????????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????

    5. ??????????? ???? ??????????????????????4-6?;?????????????????(12.74?)? ??????????????4?,???2.55?;???????????3.95?,????1.97?? ?????????????????????????????????38744?,???????????96.6%;?????????????18733?,????????????89.5% ?

    6. ??????????? ???? ??????????34?,?????29?,??????25?,??????72?? ?????????3?,?????4?,??????2?? ?? ????????????42.5?,64.7%?????????,16.8%????? ? ?????????????42.9?,49.0%??????????,28.9%??????

    7. ??????????? ?? ??????????43,069?,???????????93.1%? ???????????23,818?,????????????85.5%? ???? ????????????39,980?/?,?????37,421?/?,??????2,559?/????,?????????3,474?/?,???????1,205?/? ? ?????????????20,362?/?,?????16,764?/?,??????3,599?/????,????????????????6,231?/?,?????????????????(-1,373?/?)???????????????????????,??????

    8. ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????

    9. ??????????????? ??????? ??,???????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????(????????)??????????(?????)?,????????????????????????????

    10. ??????????????? ???? ??,???????????????????,??????????,???????????,????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,??????????????

    11. ??????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????? ????????(???)?????????????????(?????????????????????),???????,???????????????????,???????????????

    12. ??????????????? ????? ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,????????,??????,??????,??????? ???????????????????????????????????,????????????????? ???????????,?????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????

    13. ??????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????: ??????,???????????,???????????????????????????,?????????????????,??????,???“????”??????????,????????????,????????????????? ??,?????????????,??????????,??????,???????????????????????????????? ???????????,???????,???????????????????

    14. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??

    15. (?)??????? ??????????????,??????????,????????????? ?????,?????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????? ?????????,?????????????? ????????(??“??”?“??”??),???????????????? ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????

    16. (?)?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????

    17. (?)?????? ??????? ??????????????????????«???????»,????????????????????????????,????????????? ????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????

    18. (?)?????? ?????? ???????????????????????,???????????,????????????????????????,??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????,???????????????? ?????????????????,??“??+??+??”????????? ??????????????????????????,????“??”?“???”??????

    19. (?)?????? ???????? ?????????????,???????????????????,??????????? ??????????????,????????????????????? ??????????????????????????,???????????? ?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????? ????????????????,?????????,???????????,???????????????????? ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????

    20. (?)?????? ??????? ???????????????????????,??????????????????? ????????????????,???????????? ????????????,???????????????????????????,????????????? ????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????? ???????????,????????????,?????????????????????????????????

    21. (?)?????? ??????? ?????????,???????????????????????? ???,?????????????????“????”??????????,?????????,??????????? ?????????????????????????,????????,???????? ??????,??????????????????????????? ???????????,????????????,???????????????????

    22. (?)?? ????????????????????,?????????????: ?????????????,?????????????????,??????????; ?????????????,???????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????? ?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????

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