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Chapter 25

Chapter 25. Protista. 25.1 “Characteristics” Derived from Greek “the very first” - Exclusion - VERY diverse Eukaryotic Unicellular (may be filamentous-Spirogyra or colonial-Volvox) or multicellular Plant-like, Animal-like, or Fungus-like characteristics.

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Chapter 25

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  1. Chapter 25 Protista

  2. 25.1 “Characteristics” Derived from Greek “the very first” - Exclusion - VERY diverse • Eukaryotic • Unicellular (may be filamentous-Spirogyra or colonial-Volvox) or multicellular • Plant-like, Animal-like, or Fungus-like characteristics

  3. Where did the first eukaryotic cell come from? Lynn Margulis’ Endosymbiont Hypthosis – - Present day Protists evolved from the symbiotic relationship of prokaryotes that lived 1.5 billion years ago • Used organelle evidence: • Mitochondriaand chloroplasts are actually Eubacteria & blue-green bacteria (now Archaea). • Flagella were spirochetes • Further proof with the algae, Cyanophora paradoxa when their cloroplasts were removed, they were actually blue-green bacteria which were able to remain alive & multiply

  4. Classification • Difficult • Body plan • Motility • Nutrition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramecium

  5. Characteristics • Uni/multicellular • Auto (various pigments) hetero, saprophytes • Motility – flagella, cilia, pseudopodia • Reproduction – fission, conjugation

  6. 25.2 “Animal like Protists” AKA PROTOZOANS • Are ingestive heterotrophes • May be free-living in water – zooplankton, or parasitic • Reproduce asexually by binary fission or sexually by conjugation • Can form cysts – dormant form with thick coating for adverse conditions • Four phyla, based on motility

  7. Phylum Protozoaaka Sarcodina Phylum Protozoa – pseudopodia, cytoplasmic streaming Subphlya – Sarcondinia (amoeba), Mycetozoan (radiolarian) 40, 000 species

  8. Phylum Ciliophora 8000 species Paramecium Stentor Didinium Vorticella Have ciliavfor mobility

  9. Paramecium Euplotes Paramecium w/ trichocysts Didinium Stentor Vorticella

  10. Didinium

  11. Know structure of Paramecium • Oral Groove & Gullet – lined with cilia to beat food into • Food vacuoleforms at end of gullet • Anal pore – where wastes are expelled • Pellicle– clear elastic protein layer around c. membrane • Macronucleus (w/ DNA) andMicronucleus (for conjugation) • Trichocystsfor defense • Contractile Vacuole – Regulate water and osmotic pressure

  12. Reproduction in Ciliates Paramecium conjugating http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::550::400::/sites/dl/free/0078695104/383925/CH19Visualizing_Paramecia_101906.swf::Visualizing%20Paramecia Binary fission

  13. Phylum Sarcomastigiophora(Zoomastigiophora) All members are flagellated 1500 species Subphylum Mastigophora Most are free-living Many are parasitic and cause intestinal distres Giardia causes Giardiasis (aka – Montezuma’s revenge) Trypanosoma cause African Sleeping Sickness and Chagas’ disease

  14. Phylum Apicomplexa aka: Sporozoa Nonmotile 4000 species ALL parasitic Complex life cycles; 2 or more hosts Produce sporozoites, or spores Plasmodium = malaria Toxoplasma= toxoplasmosis Cryptosporidium = Cryptosporidiosis

  15. Malaria Plasmodium carried by Anopheles mosquito. 1.5 million/year die from this • Mosquito takes blood meal • Plasmodiumsporozoites enter blood to liver. Repeated divisions to produce new merozoites that get into red blood cells. Reproduce asexually by binary fission and release toxins into blood – fever and anemia. • Take antimalarial drugs for cure or prevent • Some merozoites become gametocytes which will be transmitted to mosquito when it takes a blood meal from victim. • In digestive tract of mosquito, sperm and egg form a zygote which divides to produce 2N sporozoites, bursts open releasing sporozoites that collect in salivary glands of mosquito. And the cycle continues!

  16. Animation

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