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NUTRITION & METABOLISM

NUTRITION & METABOLISM. Just the basics…. What 2 things do we use nutrients for?. 1st Stop: The Liver. Blood that has just picked up nutrients from the small intestine flows first to the liver (via the “hepatic portal vein”). Why? The liver. Fuel ‘er up!. In cells, ______ are burned first

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NUTRITION & METABOLISM

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  1. NUTRITION & METABOLISM Just the basics…

  2. What 2 things do we use nutrients for?

  3. 1st Stop: The Liver • Blood that has just picked up nutrients from the small intestine flows first to the liver (via the “hepatic portal vein”). Why? • The liver

  4. Fuel ‘er up! • In cells, ______ are burned first • If lacking, _____ are burned • If carbs & fats are lacking (as in starvation, anorexia, or bulimia), ______ are burned

  5. Cellular Respiration

  6. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration

  7. Blood Sugar (Glucose) Balance • Excess glucose is stored in ________ & ________cells as carbohydrates (glycogen), which can then be converted back into glucose when needed. • This balance is regulated by two hormones produced in the pancreas: _________& ___________

  8. “Carb. Loading” • By resting muscles and eating lots of carbs 2-3 days before an endurance event, you can get your muscles to store almost twice as much glycogen as usual, which then allows them to sustain endurance exercise up to 50% longer.

  9. Essential vs. Nonessential Amino Acids • Proteins (polymers) are made up of 20 different __________________. • Essential amino acids are • Nonessential can be missing from your diet because

  10. Essential vs. NonessentialAmino Acids

  11. So what are vitamins for then? • Vitamins (organic) and minerals (inorganic) help _________ do their job of breaking down and building molecules. • Too low or too high a concentration of vitamins can be dangerous. A well-balanced diet is the best way to stay healthy.

  12. You gotta regulate… • (Dietary) Fiber is the indigestible parts of plants • It coats • Helps to • Helps to • Good for (since it never turns to fat)

  13. Metabolic Rate • Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) • Total Metabolic Rate (TMR) • If you consume fewer calories than your TMR, you lose weight; if you consume more calories that your TMR, you gain weight. [A calorie is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree C.]

  14. Metabolic & Eating Disorders • Anorexia: • Bulimia: • Obesity: • Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM):

  15. Kwashiorkor: enough calories but not enough protein • Causes • Causes • Ascites results from deficiency of plasma proteins-changes osmotic balance of blood thus promotes osmosis of H2O from blood to peritoneal space

  16. Marasmus • Results from • Progressive wasting of

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