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Plasma Technology

Plasma Technology. Opportunities for a Sustainable Future. Objective. Present an initiative to produce sustainable energy from waste materials. Methodology. Use plasma arc technologies to destroy wastes (biomass, solid waste, hazardous materials)

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Plasma Technology

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  1. Plasma Technology Opportunities for a Sustainable Future

  2. Objective Present an initiative to produce sustainable energy from waste materials

  3. Methodology • Use plasma arc technologies to destroy wastes (biomass, solid waste, hazardous materials) • Generate fuel gases including hydrogen and carbon monoxide • Use fuel cells to produce energy in the form of heat and electricity

  4. What is PLASMA? • “Fourth State” of matter • Ionized gas at high temperature capable of conducting electrical current • Lightning is an example from nature

  5. Characteristics of Plasma Arc Technology • Plasma acts as a resistive heating element which cannot melt and fail • Temperatures 4,000°C to over 7,000°C • Torch power levels from 100kW to 200 MW produce high energy densities (up to 100 MW/m3) • Torch operates with most gases-not a combustion process • Elimination of requirement for combustion air – Reduces gas volume requiring treatment – Reduces potential for formation of complex organics (I.e., dioxins and furans)

  6. Ideally suited for waste treatment • Hazardous & toxic compounds broken down to elemental constituents by high temperatures • Organic materials • Pyrolyzed or volatilized • May be converted to fuel gases • Amenable to conventional off-gas treatment • Residual materials (radionuclides, heavy metals, etc.) immobilized in a rock-like vitrified mass which is highly resistant to leaching

  7. Plasma torch in operation

  8. MSW 1 Ton – 9.39 Mbtu 33% Moisture Electricity 0.56 MWHr – 1.90 MBtu Plasma Gasification of MSW Gas Heating Value Output Steam = 4.30 Electricity Input Negligible Gas Heat Energy 1.05 MBtu Product Gas PLASMA 30,300 SCF Heating Value = GASIFIER 8.16 MBTU Losses 1.77 MBtu Based on data from Resorption Canada, Ltd. 1995 (Summarized and converted to English units)

  9. An Ultimate Solution to MSW? 376 tons/day MSW) Plasma ArcTorch 4.1 MW Coke/Limestone Fuel Gases: 3x107 Btu = 10.6 MW Solid Residue: 50 tons/day Sell: Aggregate Metals Bricks Other Net 6.5 MW

  10. PRODUCT GAS DISTRIBUTION Experimental Results The gases measured were H2, O2, N2, CH4, and CO. • In addition to benzene, small amounts of methane and benzene and trace amounts of toluene, styrene, ethyl benzene, methyl-ethyl benzene, and benzonitrile were found in the DCM samples. • The high concentrations of O2 and N2 are due to air leaking into the system prior to the sample point.

  11. Cobb County Plasma Arc Waste Processing System

  12. Next Steps • Assembly of the Cobb County Plasma Arc Waste Processing System • Optimization testing for integration with fuel cells • Testing of biomass, MSW and other feedstock • Hydrogen capture and optimization

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