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I.) The Enlightenment

I.) The Enlightenment. Time period in Europe in the 1600’s and 1700’s that used reason to explain human nature. Direct result of the Age of Absolutism Believed government decisions should be based on the laws of nature and reason . II.) Thomas Hobbes.

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I.) The Enlightenment

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  1. I.) The Enlightenment • Time period in Europe in the 1600’s and 1700’s that used reason to explain human nature. • Direct result of the Age of Absolutism • Believed government decisions should be based on the laws of nature and reason.

  2. II.) Thomas Hobbes English philosopher Wrote: the Leviathan in 1651 Belief(s): - people made an unwritten Social Contract giving all power to one ruler and people only keep right to protect their lives - people exchange liberty for safety

  3. III.) John Locke English philosopher Wrote: the Two Treatises of Government Belief(s): - people made an unwritten Social Contract but only gave up some rights - kept right to life, liberty, & own property - ruler who violates rights breaks the social contract

  4. IV.) Baron de Montesquieu French philosopher Wrote: The Spirit of the Laws in 1748 Belief(s): - division of government in three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) - government should have system of checks and balances

  5. V.) Voltaire French philosopher Wrote: the Philosophical Letters Belief(s): - Urged Religious Toleration (separation of church and state) - Defended Freedom of Speech

  6. VI.) Denis Diderot French philosopher Wrote: the Encyclopedia Belief(s): - Goal: was to collect and disseminate all current Enlightenment ideas - Outcome: spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe and North America - Outcome: undermined existing authority

  7. VII.) Jean-Jacques Rousseau French philosopher Wrote: the Social Contract Belief(s): - General Will - Social Contract with one another to form a civil society - Govt. should be based on Popular Sovereignty - Defended individual freedoms

  8. VIII.) Mary Wollstonecraft English philosopher & feminist Wrote: the Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Belief(s): - women should have same political and educational rights as men - Urged Equality for all

  9. The End!

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