Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Chapters 19, 20, 21

2. Chapter 19 Your body’s Reproductive System

3. Lesson 1 The Male Reproductive System

4. Functions and Structure of the Male Reproductive System • The testes produce the male sex hormone “Testosterone” • Testosterone is responsible for the production of sperm • Sperm are the male reproductive cells

5. External Male Reproductive Organs • Testes are two small glands that produce sperm • The testes hang outside the body protected by the scrotum (pg. 437) • The penis is a tube shaped organ attached to the trunk of the body just above the testes.

6. Internal Male Reproductive Organs • Epididymis – is a temporary storage facility for sperm • Vas Deferens – are a pair of connected tubes that lead up into the males body • Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, and Cowper’s Gland – provide a fluid nourishment for the sperm

7. Care of the Male Reproductive System • Daily self-examinations • Check for and discolorations, and lumps • Check for change in texture or thickening of the testes

8. Problems of the Male Reproductive System • Hernia • Sterility • Enlarged Prostate Gland • Cancer of the Prostate Gland • Cancer of the Testes

9. Lesson 2 The Female Reproductive System

10. Functions and Structure of the Female Reproductive System • Vagina - a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body • Ova – are the female reproductive cells

11. Female Reproductive Organs • Ovaries – the female sex glands that house the ova and produce the female sex hormones • Fallopian Tubes – a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw the ovum in • Uterus – a small, muscular, pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist. • Cervix – the neck of uterus

12. Menstruation • the process of shedding the lining of the uterus • Menstrual Cycle – the time from the beginning of one menstrual period to the onset of the next • Usually occurs once every 28 days

13. Care of the Female Reproductive System • Cleanliness is an important part of keeping the reproductive system healthy • Breast Self-Examination – feeling for any unusual lumps or growths, any discoloration of the nipple area

14. Problems of the Female Reproductive System • Menstrual Cramps • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) • Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

15. Problems that can cause Infertility • Blocked Fallopian Tube • Endometriosis • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Ovarian cyst • Ovarian cancer

16. Chapter 20 The Beginning of the Life Cycle

17. Lesson 1 • Prenatal Development and Care

18. Prenatal Development • Fertilization – the union of a male and female reproductive cells (Sperm, Ova) • Zygote – a newly fertilized egg

19. Implantation • When a blastocyst implants itself into the thickening wall of the uterus • Following implantation the blastocyst develops into an embryo

20. Embryonic Development • Placenta – a blood rich tissue from the mother that surrounds the embryo • Umbilical Cord – a tube through which nutrients and oxygen pass from the mother’s blood into the embryo’s blood

21. Fetal development • 1st six weeks the embryo will increase in size over 10,000 times • From the end of the 8th week until birth the embryo is now known as a fetus

22. Prenatal Care • Regular visits to either a doctor, obstetrician, or certified nurse midwife • Ask questions about the pregnancy and the birth process • Monitor weight, and physical activity

23. Alcohol and Pregnancy • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – due to female alcohol use during pregnancy • Effects – mental retardation, slow growth before and after birth, and a wide range of physical defects ranging from cleft palate to hip dislocation

24. Tobacco and Pregnancy • Greater chance of a baby being born prematurely, and at low birth weight • Affects growth, mental development, and behavior of children at least up to the age of 11 • Higher incidence of respiratory problems, bronchitis, and pneumonia

25. Stages of birth • Dilation • Passage of baby through the birth canal • Afterbirth

26. Lesson 2 • From Generation to Generation

27. Why We are who We are? • Chromosomes – tiny structures within the nuclei of cells that carry information about hereditary traits • Genes – segments of DNA molecules, carry specific information about hereditary traits • Dominant and Recessive Genes • Genes and Gender

28. Genetic Disorders • Any abnormalities or mutations in the genetic code. • May cause a wide range of physical or mental defects

29. Types of Genetic Disorders • Sickle Cell Anemia • Phenylketonuria • Tay-Sachs disease • Cystic fibrosis • Down syndrome

30. Identifying Genetic Disorders • Amniocentesis • Ultrasound • Chorionic villi sampling

31. Lesson 3 • Birth Through Late Childhood

32. Developmental Stages • Developmental tasks – these are things that need to occur at a particular stage for a person to continue his or her growth toward becoming a healthy, mature adult

33. Developmental Stages Continued • Infancy – birth to 18 months • Early childhood – 2 to 3 years • Childhood – 4 to 5 years • Late childhood – 6 – 11 years

34. Chapter 21 Adolescence A Time of Change

35. Lesson 1 • Changes During Adolescence

36. Puberty • Developmental Stages • Puberty – is the period of time when males and females become physically able to reproduce • Puberty occurs because of a release of hormones

37. Physical Changes • Primary Sex Characteristics – directly related to the production of gametes (reproductive cells) • Secondary Sex Characteristics – Physical changes that occur in males and females

38. Mental Changes • Cognition – the act or process of knowing, including, both awareness and judgment

39. Emotional Changes • Develop feelings of deep friendship • Develop feelings of love • Roller coaster of emotions (Highs/ Lows)

40. Social Changes • Friendships and peer acceptance very important • Face challenges from peers on different issues and beliefs • Develop good friendships that don’t challenge your beliefs and values

41. Developmental Tasks • Forming more mature relationships • Achieving a masculine or feminine social role • Accepting one’s physique • Preparing for marriage • Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults • Acquiring a set of personal standards as a guide to behavior

42. Personal Identity • Personal identity consists of the factors you believe make you unique, or unlike anyone else

43. Lesson 2 • Practicing Abstinence

44. Decisions and Peers • Decisions about Sexual Activity • In our society, physical attraction and sexual activity are portrayed in movies, on television, and in advertisements.

45. Abstinence: The Healthful Choice • Abstinence – is the conscious decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

46. Making the Choice for Abstinence • Establish your priorities in life • Set personal limits on the ways in which you are willing to express affection • Share your feelings with your boyfriend or girlfriend • Discuss your feelings an concerns with a trusted adult • Steer clear of high-pressure situations • If you are currently sexually active, re-evaluate

47. Using Refusal Skills • Before finding yourself in a situation talk to your friends about your position and values • Exercise self-control (a person’s ability to exercise responsibility to override emotions)

48. Consequences of Sexual Activity • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s) examples: AIDS, genital herpes, Hepatitis • Unplanned pregnancy • Loss of Self-Respect • Negative Effects on Social Relationships • Family Disapproval