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Introduction Why Religions?. “It appears that throughout the world man has always been seeking something beyond his own death, beyond his own problems, something that well be enduring, true and timeless.” J. Krishnamurti. Why study world religions?.
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“It appears that throughout the world man has always been seeking something beyond his own death, beyond his own problems, something that well be enduring, true and timeless.” J. Krishnamurti
Why study world religions? “Read each other people’s myths, not those of your own religion, because you tend to interpret your own religion in terms of facts—but if you read the other ones, you begin to get the message.” Joseph Campbell, author & philosopher
Early Goddess history • Creator, giver of life myth • Her body represents the universe • Agriculture in the first great river valleys • Invasion of hunter-killers • By 2000 B.C. male-dominated myths take over as the creator and giver of life
Goddess Myths that Survived Isis Modonna Maya-Shakti-Devi
Why are there religions? • Materialist perspective • Functional perspective • Faith perspective
Materialist Perspective Freud described religion as a collective fantasy, a “universal obsessional neurosis”.
Karl Marx Marx thought religions not only are used to pacify people, but to oppress them. “Man makes religion; religion does not make man… It is the opium of the people.”
Functional Perspective Emile Durkheim saw religion as the glue that held society together. Religions phenomena were symbols and reinforcers of the social order. Emile Durkheim - 1917 French sociologist
Eric Fromm 1900-1980 Fromm saw the necessity of religion as a stable frame of reference for a society.
But the seeker of truth beyond religion hears the Buddha say something deeper… “The world is a royal chariot, glittering with paint. No better.Fools are deceived, but the wise know better.” What does this mean?
Krishna tells Arjuna… “He is forever free who has broken out of the ego-cage of I and mine to be united with the Lord of Love. This is the supreme state. Attain thou this and pass from death to immortality.” Truths behind religion?
Sages of India on…God “This eternal being that can never be proved…spotless, beyond the ether, the unborn Self, great and eternal…the creator, the maker of everything.”
Even a few Westerners begin to understand…. “Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting; The Soul that rises with us, our life’s Star Hath had elsewhere its setting And cometh from afar” William Wordsworth
Religion and critical thinking sometimes clash… Some religions demand obedience to dogma and discourage critical thinking. Other religions demand critical thinking and discourage dogma.
The Mystical Experience All religion is merely preparation for the mystical experience that is beyond religion. When this happens it is recognized by many names… • Enlightenment • God-realization • Illumination • Samadhi • Gnosis
Mysticism –vs- Religion “Fundamentally it is the outsider who names a religious system… The participant is concerned with God; the observer has been concerned with religion.” Wilfred Smith, scholar
Swami Kriyananda “There is a saying in India that it is often blessed to be born into a religion…but unfortunate to die in one.”
To become a mystic… “The ancient Upanishads of India advise people to sit in deep meditation and, with their minds fully absorbed in love, direct their consciousness toward the eternal One.”
Your Comments… “In each tradition the one divine Reality, the one eternal Truth, is present, but it is hidden under symbols…” Catholic monk, Father Bede Griffiths
Science & Religion Plato thought the soul was superior to the body, and this idea permeated Western thought for the next 2,500 years.
17th to 19th Centuries Knowledge of nature became more secularized because scientist developed rational models of the universe.
Origin of the Species - 1859 Darwin demonstrated that over great lengths of time, organisms can genetically mutate to increase their chances of survival. This theory of natural selection directly contradicted the literal understanding of the Bible.
Birth of stars…. Eagle nebula
+ photon gamma photon electron - photon Everything, including subatomic particles have consciousness!
Einstein “The most beautiful and profound emotion that we can experience is the sensation of the mystical. It is the sower of all true science.”
Common religions terms • Immanent – present in the world • Transcendent – outside the world • Theistic – god is a personal being • Monotheistic – worshipped as single being • Nontheistic – no sense of personal creator god • Atheism – belief there is no god • Agnosticism – don’t know if a god exists
Absolutists & Fundamentalists Orthodox – refers to those who stand by an historical form of their religion Fundamentalists– refers to those who frightened by change and insist on certain traditions and justify violence towards people of other religions.
Summary • Religions grows out of need to know and understand deeper questions • Mystical experience is common to all religions • Science is proving consciousness is the common thread in all things
