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The Atom

The Atom. Chapter 4 Sec. 2. How Small is an atom?. Extremely tiny smaller than your eye can see and most microscopes. What is an atom made of? Nucleus Atomic mass unit ( amu ). Proton, neutron and electrons

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom Chapter 4 Sec. 2

  2. How Small is an atom? • Extremely tiny smaller than your eye can see and most microscopes.

  3. What is an atom made of? • Nucleus • Atomic mass unit (amu) • Proton, neutron and electrons • Protons a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus. • Neutrons a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus. • Describes mass of an atom

  4. Carbon atom

  5. Outside the Nucleus • What happens if number of electrons and protons are not equal? • Electrons negatively charged particles • Electrons are smaller in mass then protons and neutrons • Charges of protons and electrons are opposite but equal so they cancel each other out • Atoms become a charged particle called an ion • Loses an electron atom becomes positively charged ion • Gains an electron becomes negatively charged ion

  6. How do atoms of different atoms differ? • The number of protons neutrons and electrons differ from atom to atom. • Atomic number is the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom. • The atomic number does not change so the protons do not change

  7. Isotopes • Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. • Atoms that are isotopes always have the same number of protons • The mass changes because the number of neutrons may change

  8. Properties of Isotopes • Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. • An unstable atom is an atom with a nucleus that will change over time. This type of isotope is radioactive.

  9. Telling Isotopes Apart • Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (electrons not included) • Calculating the atoms mass. Protons +Neutrons=Mass Number

  10. Naming Isotopes • Write the name of the element hyphen and then the mass number of the isotope • If the atomic number is known and mass number you can calculate the number of neutrons. • Mass number – atomic number= number of neutrons • Atomic Mass is the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units(amu)

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