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Rome’s Mediterranean Empire 753 BCE – 600 CE

Rome’s Mediterranean Empire 753 BCE – 600 CE. A. Republic of Farmers; 753 – 31 BCE. Founding (Romulus) Landownership Independent farmers Rights/limitations for citizens Senate – consuls Patricians vs. plebians Patron – client relationship Women - rights Pax deorum.

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Rome’s Mediterranean Empire 753 BCE – 600 CE

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  1. Rome’s Mediterranean Empire753 BCE – 600 CE

  2. A. Republic of Farmers; 753 – 31 BCE • Founding (Romulus) • Landownership • Independent farmers • Rights/limitations for citizens • Senate – consuls • Patricians vs. plebians • Patron – client relationship • Women - rights • Pax deorum

  3. Compare and contrast the rights of citizens in Athens and the Roman Republic.

  4. B. Expansion in Italy and the Mediterranean • Causes • Military structure • Extension of citizenship (Italy) • Wars with Carthaginians and Hellenistic Empires (264 – 146 BCE) • Afraid of overextension • Direct control • Julius Caesar – Gaul • Local elite – taxes • Governors in the provinces

  5. Loss of independent farmers Powerful aristocracy Slaves Landless men (military) Powerful generals – loyalty of military Dictators C. Failure of the Republic

  6. Why did the Roman Republic pursue a policy of expansion? What were the costs of this policy?

  7. Octavian (Augustus 31 – 14 BCE) Appearance of Republic More territory (Egypt) Equites – civil service Immediate succession Armies, merit Legal experts – new laws D. The Roman Principate

  8. Big cities Lack of cheap labor Absentee landlords Agriculture FUNDS cities Trade in paxRomana Romanization 212 CE – citizenship extended to provinces Emperors FROM provinces E. An Urban Empire

  9. How would you characterize the core – periphery relationship in Rome during the first two centuries of the Roman principate?

  10. Roman control over Palestine (unrest) Jesus of Nazareth (4 BCE – 30 CE) Sources/dates – Bible “Historical Jesus” Paul – gentiles Jewish – Roman War (66 – 70 CE) Persecution Mystery Cults F. Rise of Christianity

  11. How did the Roman Empire both facilitate, and challenge, the spread of Christianity before Constantine?

  12. Roads, walls, aqueducts, borders Third Century Crisis: emperors, soldiers, lack of taxes, etc. Diocletian – state control of economy Constantine (306 – 337 CE) 313 CE – Edict of Milan Capital: Rome to Byzantium G. Crisis (235 – 284 CE) and Changes

  13. H. Byzantines and Germans • East vs. west • Growth of Church • 325 CE – Council of Nicaea • Structure/beliefs • Justinian (527 – 565 CE) – law codes • 395 CE - Separation of empires • Germans overwhelm the west • 410 CE – Visigoths sack Rome; 476 – last Roman emperor • Languages

  14. What brought about the fall of the Roman Empire?

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