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Exploring Earth's Interior: A Journey to the Depths

Delve into the Earth's layers, from surface to core, uncovering the mysteries beneath our feet. Learn about the composition and structure of the planet through this educational activity inspired by Jules Verne's classic novel. Discover volcanic rocks, sediments, metals, and more as you journey through the crust, mantle, and core. Explore the extreme conditions that make a trip to the Earth's center impossible yet fascinating.

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Exploring Earth's Interior: A Journey to the Depths

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  1. Energy from below The Earth’s Interior

  2. Introduction • In the 1800’s there was considerable scientific and popular interest in what was in the interior of the Earth. The details of the internal structure (crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core; and their composition and thicknesses; Figure 1) had not yet been discovered. And, although volcanic eruptions demonstrated that at least part of the interior of the Earth was hot enough to melt rocks, temperatures within the Earth and the existence of radioactivity were unknown. Jules Verne’s book, A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864, 272 pages; originally published in France as Voyage au Centre de la Terre), capitalized on this interest in the Earth and in adventure with an exciting science fiction story that is still popular today. Verne introduces us to a dedicated, and somewhat eccentric professor, and his nephew through whom the story is told (see selected quotations below), who eventually travel into the Earth’s deep interior by entering into an opening in the crater of a volcano in Iceland.

  3. Introduction • Verne’s novel is science fiction. We know today that such a journey would be impossible. The temperature and pressure conditions within the Earth are so extreme that humans could not survive below a few kilometers depth within the 6371 km radius Earth. Furthermore, we know of no significant openings that would provide access to the deep interior of the planet, and caves or cavities at great depth are nearly impossible based on our knowledge of temperature and pressure within the Earth and the properties of Earth materials. However, Verne’s story is an interesting one and it is the inspiration (along with the desire to provide materials for learning about the Earth’s interior) for this Earth science educational activity.

  4. Journey to the Center of the Earth

  5. STOP #1- Earth’s Surface

  6. Volcanic Rock Sandstone Glacier Sediments Limestone Ocean Surface

  7. STOP#2- TOP OF THE CRYSTALLINE BASEMNET

  8. Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock

  9. STOP #3-DEPTH OF THE DEEPEST MINE

  10. MICROBES GOLD AFRICA

  11. STOP#4- Upper Crust

  12. Gas Oil

  13. STOP#5- DEEPEST DRILL HOLE

  14. STOP#6- BASE OF THE CRUST

  15. MAGNESIUM GRANITIC ROCK IRON

  16. STOP #7- BASE OF THE LITHOSPHERE

  17. STOP#8- ASTHENOSPHERE

  18. STOP #9- UPPER MANLE TRANSITION ZONE

  19. OLIVINE RICH ROCK CRYSTAL

  20. STOP #10- CORE/MANTLE BOUNDARY

  21. SILICATE ROCK IRON AND NICKEL

  22. STOP #11-INNERCORE/OUTER CORE BOUNDARY

  23. STOP #12- CENTER OF THE EARTH

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