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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. P&A Unit 6. I. Integumentary System Intro. A. Organ involved 1. skin: largest organ of the body B. other parts involved: 1. sweat glands 2. hair 3. pores 4. sebaceous (oil) glands. C. functions of the skin 1. protective covering 2. waterproof

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System P&A Unit 6

  2. I. Integumentary System Intro • A. Organ involved • 1. skin: largest organ of the body • B. other parts involved: • 1. sweat glands • 2. hair • 3. pores • 4. sebaceous (oil) glands

  3. C. functions of the skin • 1. protective covering • 2. waterproof • 3. regulates body temp • 4. houses sensory receptors • 5. excretes small amount of waste: sweat

  4. II. Skin & its tissues: • A. skin has 3 layers: • 1. epidermis • 3. dermis • 3. subcutaneous • B. skin (epithelial) tissue types • ** Not all are located in skin – some on organs • -- but always are exposed to a free surface • 1. reproduce quickly • 2. heal quickly • 3. connective tissue is always underneath

  5. C. Types of epithelial tissue • 1. simple squamous • Thin flat cells • Line lung air sacs • Line capillaries/blood vessels • 2. simple cuboidal • Single layer/ cube shaped • Covers ovaries/ kidney tubules • Covers glands • Functions to secrete gland products

  6. 3. simple columnar • Elonged single cells • Lining of uterus and digestive tract • Secretes digestive fluids and absorb nutrients • 4. Pseodostratified columnar • APPEAR layered, but are NOT • Usually have cilia on ends • Line passageways of respiratory system and reproductive system • Sticky to trap things

  7. 5. stratified squamous • Many layers of thick cells • ** forms outer layer of skin epidermis • Old cells produce Keratin • Produces dry, hardened outer covering • Also lines mouth cavity • 6. Transitional epithelium • Stretchable • Forms inner lining of urinary bladder

  8. C. Epidermis • 1. composed of stratified squamous • 2. lacks blood vessels • 3. stratum basale • - lowest layer of epidermis which is nourished by dermis blood vessels • 4. as stratum basale cells divide, older ones are pushed up • 5. older cells become KERATINIZED • -proten, H2O proof coating

  9. 6. dead cells accumulate on surface and form stratum corneum • 7. Function of stratum corneum • Protection from: • Water loss • Chemicals • Mechanical injury • Disease agents

  10. 8. contain MELANOCYTES • Def: cells that produce melanin • Melanin – pigment which absorb sunlight protecting other cells • 9. Skin color • ** All humans have basically the same number of melanocytes • -- it is the amount of pigment the cells produce that gives us our skin color • Genes determine how much pigment the melanocytes produce

  11. D. Dermis • 1. binds epidermis to underlying tissues • 2. composed of fibrous connective tissue • - tissue has COLLAGEN & ELASTIN in it • Gives strength and elasticity • 3. many blood vessels to supply nutrients • - aid in regulating body temp • Vasoconstrication • Vasodilation

  12. 4. Houses: • Nerve fibers • Sensory receptors • Hair follicles • Sebaceous (oil) glands • Sweat glands

  13. E. Subcutaneous • 1. lies beneath dermis • 2. mostly loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue • 3. collagen & elastin fibers continue from dermis • 4. NO sharp boundary b/w dermis & subcutaneous • 5. adipose tissue = INSULATION • 6. contains MANY blood vessels

  14. ASSIGNMENT • DUE THURSDAY APRIL 1 • 1. Inteview someone who has/had skin cancer • Tell their story • Diagnosis • Treatment • What type • How every effected them OR

  15. 2. Report on different types of skin cancer • What distinguished them • Severities • Detection • OR

  16. 3. Prevention and treatment of skin cancer • 2 pages • Double spaced • DUE THURSDAY APRIL 1

  17. III. Accessory Organs of the skin • A. hair follicles • 1. hair on all skin surface except: • Palms, soles, lips, and external reproductive organs • 2. hair follicle • Def: group of epidermal cells in a tubelike depression from which hair originates • ROOT of hair is inside follicle • Root is only part of hair alive • This is wear cell division takes place • 3. Older cells are pushed up and outward and become KERATINIZED = dead cells • Protein coat, hardened • We don’t feel pain when hair is cut, but do when hair is pulled

  18. 4. arrectorpili muscle is attached to each follicle • If muscle contracts = hair stands up = goose bumps • Produce heat to warm up body • 5. Hair color is determined by amount of melenin produced by melanocyte near follicle • 6. delayed-action gene • Causes gray hair – less melanin production • 7. Lanugo • Hairy cloak of babies - mostly premies

  19. B. Sebaceous glands • 1. group of special epithelial cells associated w/ hair follicles • 2. produce oily secretions = SEBUM • Mixture of adipose (oil) & dead cells • 3. Keeps hair and skin: • Soft • Pliable • Waterproof • 4. milia • Sebaceous glands to not release sebum in utero • After birth, glands/pores may become clogged • Little white bumps/pimples

  20. C. Nails • 1. keratinized stratified squamous • 2. cells are forms in NAIL ROOT • Proximal end of nail • LUNULA – ½ moon, is part of root • 3. nail lies in nail bed

  21. D. sweat glands • 1. occur all over skin • Most numerous in palms and soles • 2. each gland has coil shaped proximal end • Contains sweat secreting epithelial cells • 3. Apocrine glands • Special sweat glands which respond to emotional stress and a person who is upset, frightened or in pain • Most numerous in groin, armpits – associated with hair follicles • 3. Eccrine glands • NOT associated with hair follicles • Respond to increase in temperature and exercise • Forehead, neck, back

  22. 5. Sweat pores • Opening in skin which a SWEAT DUCT leads to and sweats exits • Sweat is H2O, urea, uric acid

  23. IV. Body Temp Regulations • - cells produce heat constantly – must get rid of heat constantly in order to maintain homeostasis • A. When heat production is excessive: • 1. blood vessels dilate – heat escapes • 2. NS stimulates Eccrine glands to become active • Sweat = cooling effect • B. If body is too cold: • 1. blood vessels constrict • 2. sweat glands become inactive • 3. muscles contract = shiver = heat production • 4. ArectorPili muscles contract = goose bumps • 5. heart beats slower • Keeps blood in vital organs/core longer = warmer • 6. breathe slower • Keeps air in lungs longer = warmer

  24. V. Burns • A. 1st degree • Least severe • Minor sunburn • Reddish skin • Treat with topical ointment • B. 2nd degree • Blisters form • From direct heat, severe sunburn • Treat with ointment • Do not pop burn blisters • C. 3rd degree • Most severe • Deep into tissue – even muscle tissue • Many times need grafting of new skin • Blackened skin • No pain directly at the site due to nerve damage

  25. VI. Rule of the Nines • Handout

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