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Nutrition: The Science of Food and Nutrients

Understand the science behind food and nutrients and their actions in the body. Learn about food choices, macromolecules, vitamins, minerals, and the importance of nutrition. Discover interesting facts and stages of food processing. Be aware of nutritional disorders.

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Nutrition: The Science of Food and Nutrients

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  1. Nutrition CP Biology Mr. Martino

  2. Nutrition • The science of foods and nutrients as well as their actions within the body. • Food Choices: Why do you choose the food you eat? • Personal Preference • Habit • Ethnic Heritage • Social Interaction • Availability, Convenience, and Economy • Positive and negative associations • Emotional Comfort • Body Weight and Body Image • Nutrition

  3. Some Interesting facts to start us off: • Your skin is replaced by new cells every 7 years • Your fat beneath you skin today is not the same as the fat a year ago. Why? • Your oldest blood cell is 120 days old. (4 mos.) • The entire lining of your digestive tract is renewed every 3 days. Why? • You must eat functional foods rich in nutrients in order to make new cells and obtain energy. • Functional foods: foods that contain carbs, proteins, fats • Nutrients: chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, growth material, tissue repair material, and may also help reduce the risk of disease.

  4. Stages of Food Processing • Ingestion: taking in food through eating or drinking. • Digestion: the breakdown of food into smaller molecules. • Absorption: cells take up smaller molecules that digestion produced. • Elimination: undigested waste materials pass out of the body.

  5. Macromolecules and Vitamins • Carbohydrates: provide cells with chemical energy in order to carry out all cellular processes • Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides called glucose. • Proteins: provide the essential building blocks for cells such as muscle, bone, skin, nerve. • Proteins are broken down into monomers (small units) called amino acids. • Lipids: long term energy storage in the body stored as fats, lipids, and waxes • Lipids are broken town into monomers called triglycerieds

  6. Vitamins • Essential to your diet. If you are lacking an essential vitamin you may have serious complications. • Example. Folic Acid (a B vitamin) is essential during pregnancy for fetal development. • Example. Abscorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is essential for collagen formation in bones, tendons, and ligaments. • If left untreated, scurvy will set in. • Minerals • Essential to your diet. If you are lacking certain minerals, you may have serious complications. • Example: Iron deficiency leads to anemia. • Water • Essential for cells to maintain proper pH, otherwise dehydration occurs.

  7. Food is your bodies Fuel!! • Energy in food is measured in kilocalories. • On food labels kilocalories is written as Calorie. • 1 calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. • Your metabolism is the rate at which you turn food into energy. • An average teenager needs: • 2500 calories for males • 2200 calories for females • If you consume more calories than you burn then you will gain weight. • If you burn more calories than you consume then you will lose weight.

  8. Nutritional Disorders • Malnutrition • A condition caused by a diet lacking in one or more essential nutrients. • Example. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets (softening of bones due to low levels of calcium present in the body) • Under nutrition • A condition caused by a diet lacking Calories • Eventually the body begins breaking down its own tissue molecules for food. Muscles shrink, and the body may even break down its own tissues to supply energy. • Example. Eating Disorders; Starvation

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