(Book 2)

1. CONTEMPORARY College English Lesson 10 The Richer, the Poorer (Book 2) 创 作 单 位：辽东学院外语学院本单元作者：齐家媛

2. Lesson 10 Part One: Background InformationPart Two: Text AppreciationPart Three: Text in Details The Richer, the Poorer Contents

3. Home Background Information • Gypsies • Lost Generation • 3. Ernest Hemingway • 4. Hippie • 5. Pink Floyd

4. 1. Gypsies Home • Roma (people), commonly known as Gypsies, a traditionally nomadic people found throughout the world. While the term gypsy is often attached to anyone leading a nomadic life, the Roma share a common biological, cultural, and linguistic heritage that sets them apart as a genuine ethnic group. When they first arrived in Europe over 500 years ago, the Roma were called Gypsies in the mistaken belief that they had come from Egypt.

5. 1. Gypsies Home • The true origins of the Roma remained a mystery until the late 18th century, when European linguists discovered connections between the Romani language and certain dialects spoken in northwestern India. More recent linguistic and historical studies have confirmed that the Roma originated in India. The world population of Roma is difficult to establish with any certainty. Estimates suggest that there are between approximately 15 and 30 million Roma worldwide. Some 10 million Roma live in Europe, and they make up that continent’s largest minority population. The largest concentrations of Roma are found in the Balkan peninsula of southeastern Europe, in central Europe, and in Russia and the other successor republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

6. 1. Gypsies Home • Smaller numbers are scattered throughout western Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Americas.The Roma are divided into groups sometimes referred to as nations or tribes. These divisions generally reflect historical patterns of settlement in different geographic areas. Although historically renowned as wanderers, the vast majority of modern Roma live in settled communities.

7. 2. Lost Generation • Lost Generation, group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group never formed a cohesive literary movement, but it consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder, Archibald MacLeish, and Hart Crane.

8. 2. Lost Generation Home • The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein, who, in a conversation with Hemingway, used an expression she had heard from a garage manager, une géneration perdue (“a lost generation”), to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I (1914-1918) experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises (1926).

9. 3. Ernest Hemingway Home • Twentieth-century American author Ernest Hemingway wrote novels and stories that reflected his rich life experiences as a war correspondent, outdoor sportsman, and bullfight enthusiast. His writing style is simple yet vivid, and his characters embody the idea of “grace under pressure.” Hemingway

10. 4. Hippie Home • Hippie, member of a youth movement of the late 1960s that was characterized by nonviolent anarchy, concern for the environment, and rejection of Western materialism. Also known as flower power, the hippie movement originated in San Francisco, California. The hippies formed a politically outspoken, antiwar, artistically prolific counterculture in North America and Europe. Their colorful psychedelic style was inspired by drugs such as the hallucinogen Lysergic Acid Diethylamid (LSD). This style emerged in fashion, graphic art, and music by bands such as Love, the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Pink Floyd.

11. 5. Pink Floyd Home • The British rock group Pink Floyd, left to right, Roger Waters, Syd Barrett, Nick Mason, and Rick Wright, was formed in London, England, in 1965. In 1968 British guitarist David Gilmour joined the band, with Barrett leaving soon after. One of the group’s most successful albums was Dark Side of the Moon, from 1973, which spent 15 years as one of the top 200 albums in the United States.

12. Home Text Appreciation • Structure of the text • 2. Writing techniques

13. Structureof the text Home • Part One: (para. 1) the two sisters’ contrasting financial conditions in old age • Part Two: (para. 2-19)recall on every earlier crucial stage of their lives • Part Three: (Para. 20-34)their reunion in old age and similar opinions they share on life

14. Writing Technique 1 Home • parody • Parody(仿拟）, comic imitation of a piece of writing. The term has come to be applied also to the comic imitation of history, fiction, scientific writing, or any other prose. The essence of parody is the treatment of a light theme in the style appropriate to a serious work. The humor lies in the contrast between subject matter and the treatment of it. • In parody, the theme and the characters are greatly modified or completely changed, but the style of the original is closely followed in those peculiarities that easily lend themselves to ridicule.

15. Writing Technique 1 Home • Examples • 1). Familiarity breeds contempt. (old saying ) Quality breeds success. (ad for Ford ) • 2). Necessity is the mother of invention. (from Aesop’s Fable ) Failure is the mother of success. • 3). A bird in hand is worth two in the woods. (saying) A job in hand was worth two in the future.

16. Writing Technique 1 Home • 4) Twinkle, twinkle, little star, • How I wonder what you’re! • Up above the world so high, • Like a diamond in the sky. (The Star by Jane Taylor) • Twinkle, twinkle, little bat, • How I wonder what you’re at! • Up above the world you fly • Like a teatray in the sky. (from Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol)

17. Writing Technique 2 Home • synecdoche（提喻） • Synecdoche, figurative locution whereby the part is made to stand for the whole, the whole for a part, the species for the genus, and vice versa. • Thus, in the phrase “50 head of cattle,””head” is used to mean whole animals, and in the sentence “The president's administration contained the best brains in the country”, brain is used for intellectually brilliant persons..

18. Writing Technique 2 Home Example: • That Lottie had a doorstep was only because her boss…                   doorstep a house more examples: • wheels car (infml ) • engine locomotive (a vehicle that pulls a train) • mind an intelligent person • hand a person who does physical work • big mouth a person who talks too much or too loudly someone who tells secrets • loudmouth a person who talks too much or too loudly

19. Writing Technique 3 Home • contrast Example: • Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of laboring those problems which divides us. (John F. Kennedy) • Your knowledge of English “tells” you that certain strings of phonemes are permissible and others are not. (Victoria Franklin)

20. Home Text In Details

21. Text in Details Home 1.Lottie had a bank account that had never grown lean. (para1) • lean adj. small in amount or quality • e.g. lean years 荒年 a lean budget 不宽裕的预算 • Lottie always had quite a lot of money deposited in the bank.

22. 2.Bess had the clothes on her back, and the rest of her worldly possessions in an old suitcase. (para1) • “worldly” means of or related to the material world, here “worldly possessions” means all the things Bess had • All that Bess had to her name was the clothes she was wearing and an old suitcase that contained all the other things she owned.

23. 3.She never touched a penny of her money, though her child’s mouth watered for ice cream and candy. • water (v.) (esp. of the eyes and mouth) to form or let out water or watery liquid, esp. tears or saliva（口水） • e.g. At the sight of the roast duck, my mouth watered. • Whenever I pass that factory, my eyes water. • She never spent a penny of what she had earned on ice cream and candy, though as a child, she wanted very much to have them.

24. 4. She decided to keep her money for clothes. When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match. (para5) • match: (v.) to be as good, interesting, successful, etc. as 比得上 • She decided to keep her money to buy clothes when she started high school. Then no other girls in her school would have more and better clothes to wear than she did.

25. 5. She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future. (para9) • She made her choice without the slightest hesitation. To have a promising job now was surely far more worthwhile than college. • C.f. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手

26. 6. …, even getting himself and Bess stranded in Europe. (para12) • strand: (vt.) to leave sb. in a place from which they have no way of leaving 使滞留；to make left on the shore and unable to return to the water 使搁浅 e.g. The ship was stranded on the island. • Once Harry and Bess were left extremely helpless in Europe, and they didn’t even have enough money to return home.

27. 7. They were often in rags and never in riches. (para12) • They were often poor and never had much money. • in rags: wearing very old torn clothes 衣衫褴褛 • riches: (esp. in written English) large amount of wealth • e.g. She gave away all her riches. • (from) rags to riches: from being extremely poor to being very rich

28. 8. Bess grieved because she had no child, not having sense enough to know she was better off without them. (para13) • Bess felt very sorry that she had no children. She was not sensible and practical enough to know that with children, their conditions would have been worse. • sense: good and especially practical understanding and judgment to do sth., often used in the phrase “have the sense to do sth.). • be better off: to have more money • be better off (doing sth.): used to say that it is better to do sth. • e.g. She is better off without him.

29. 9. Passing her gleaming mirrors, at first with vague awareness, then with painful clarity, Lottie saw herself as others saw her, and could not stand the sight. (para25) • When she walked past her shiny mirrors, Lottie noticed, at first dimly, then clearly, how old and wore she looked. She came to know, painfully, exactly how she looked to others. She disliked her appearance and couldn’t bring herselfto look into the mirrors any more.