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Apollo and Artemis

Apollo and Artemis. Children of Zeus and Leto Apollo god of prophecy and healing, referred to as Phoebus (=who shines?) Roman name for Artemis-Diana Leto was a Titaness, daughter of Coeus and Phoebe.

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Apollo and Artemis

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  1. Apollo and Artemis • Children of Zeus and Leto • Apollo god of prophecy and healing, referred to as Phoebus (=who shines?) • Roman name for Artemis-Diana • Leto was a Titaness, daughter of Coeus and Phoebe. • Birth of the twins. Leto persecuted by Hera. Apollo born on Delos and Artemis on Ortygia, floating islands. Then islands anchored.

  2. Apollo of the Hymn to Apollo • Late 6th century • Two major parts> PART 1: “Delian” part -Apollo’s birth on island of Delos PART 2: “Pythian” part -Apollo’s arrival in Delphi-establishment of cult

  3. “DELIAN” PART • Leto wanders to find a place to give birth to her children. Why? • Dialogue between Leto and Delos. Leto’s oath • DELOS: “I welcome the birth of the lord who shoots from afar. • Leto/childbirth motif/description of Apollo’s birth. Was Leto alone? NO, list of goddesses in line 94ff Homeric Hymn to Apollo (page 26). Eileithyia, daughter of Zeus and Hera, came after receiving the gift, a necklace (see in vase).

  4. Apollo’s cult on Delos • Delight with music and dances. Long-robed Ionians with their children and wives. Delian maidens (DELIADES) sing in memory of men and women of old time, know how to mimic voices and rhythms of all men. • Apollo to Olympus

  5. Why wandering? • What does wandering signify? -gradual establishment of the myth. Also the idea of the island taking credit for welcoming the god>it became the center for ancient Greek religion. . The wandering then means that how rules and regulations and cult was formally established. Wandering from the point of view of poetics: wandering Leto, wandering gods, wandering POETS. READING THE HOMERIC HYMN to Apollo as a way of understanding performances of epic and lyric poetry.

  6. Compare with Birth of Athena • Birth of Athena (who emerged from Zeus' head) with Eileithyia on the right, red-figured amphora, third quarter of the 6th century BC, Louvre

  7. LOUVRE- PARIS- Birth of Athena. Attic “Exaleiptron” (black-figured tripod), ca. 570–560 BC. Found in Thebes

  8. Temple of Leto in Delos

  9. Remains of temple of Apollo in Delos

  10. DELPHIAN PART • The making of an Olympian God • New quest where to make the temple • Dialogue between Apollo and Telphousa (a nymph of a spring in Boiotia, central Greece, north of Athens). Telphousa’s trick on the god. Over sovereignty? Urged him to go to Delphi • Temple-oracle • Pytho- monster. When Apollo decided to establish his temple at Delphi he found near a spring a dragon called Pytho (or Python in other sources). • Hera gave birth to TYPHAON, on her own, in anger for Athena’s birth by Zeus. Typhaon was brought up by Pytho. IMPORTANCE OF BIRTH STORIES IN HOMERIC HYMN • Feminist reading of this part. Dragon/Dragoness • Pytho a child of Gaia, could pronounce oracles>rival to Apollo - Apollo killed Pytho.

  11. Pythian Apollo, from name of place Pytho, after the dragon. Motif of heroism (triumph over monsters becomes part of heroic identity) • Punishment of Telphousa • Finding priests- • Cretan ship- Dialogue with the god • Note: “dancing in his train the Cretans followed him to Pytho, they were chanting paeans.

  12. Delphi-Temple of Apollo

  13. Delphi- view from the theater

  14. Delphi- A “reconstruction”

  15. Apollo, Athena and HermesToledo Museum of Art

  16. Apollo and Artemis attacking giants: Treasury of the Siphnians in Delphi: Gigantomachy, ca 525 BC

  17. Apollo and Artemis: Pan Painter, ca 490 BC

  18. Apollo of Piombino: Late Archaic: ca 480 BC

  19. Apollo and the Muses: Thasos: relief, ca 480 BC

  20. Apollo and a Muse: Attic kylix, ca 460 BC

  21. Seated Apollo: Sotades workshop, ca 460 BC

  22. Apollo before his temple: Painter of the Birth of Dionysos, ca 380-370 BC

  23. Musical contest of Apollo and Marsyas: Praxiteles, ca 320 BC

  24. Apollo: Sansovino, Andrea, 1502,

  25. Apollo: Caraglio, Gian Jacopo, 1526

  26. Apollo and Marsyas: Tintoretto, 1545

  27. Apollo and Daphne: Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 1622-1625

  28. Apollo and DaphneJohn W. Waterhouse

  29. Apollo and DaphnePOLLAIOLO, Antonio delItalian painter and sculptor, Florentine school (b. 1431/32, Firenze, d. 1498, RomaTempera on wood, 30 x 20 cmNational Gallery, London

  30. Nicolas Poussin. Apollo and Muses. 1631-1632. Oil on canvas. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.

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