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Chapter 17- The Age of Reform

Chapter 17- The Age of Reform. Section 17.1- The Progressive Movement. A. The Progressive spirit- focus on reform or making urban life better; no problems. Very similar to populism but focused more on urban not on rural. 1. Examples of reform in urban setting Public sanitation

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Chapter 17- The Age of Reform

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  1. Chapter 17- The Age of Reform Section 17.1- The Progressive Movement

  2. A. The Progressive spirit- focus on reform or making urban life better; no problems • Very similar to populism but focused more on urban not on rural • 1. Examples of reform in urban setting • Public sanitation • Firing corrupt political machines 3.Unsafe working conditions • 2. Similar to populist reforms • Gradual income tax • 8 hour work day • Minimum wage • End monopolies • End to child labor • -Main goal- better life for all; let everyone share the wealth • -Ex) low unemployment rates • -How? Use government power= shift in feeling, the government is responsible for making life good. 3. Progressives were all classes and genders • Became a focus of middle class • Women especially benefited from reform

  3. B. Inspiration for Reform- how did the message of progressivism spread? 1. Magazines- McClure’s, Cosmopolitan, Munsey’s • Stories of corruption in politics and business • Problems in slums and with child labor • Use sensationalism to attract attention • These writers became known as Muckrakers • Ex) Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil Company 2. Books 3. Art- Ash Can School • Focus of media: alter capitalism

  4. C. Exploring social problems • Progressive thinkers used 2 things • 1. Strong activist centered government- to promote the welfare of all citizens • 2. Demand society to show concern for the well being of all…Step up!

  5. 17.2- Reforming the New Industrial Order

  6. A. Reforming the work place • Progressives see problems in work place • Long hours, dangerous, low pay, child labor

  7. How did they fight those problems? • 1. National Child Labor Committee- 1904 By 1912- 39 states passed laws reducing child labor Limited hours- no dangerous jobs or late night shifts *Problem- law not enforced Businesses complained it hurt production Children still getting hired • 2. Fought for laws reducing limited hours- Oregon and Utah were successful areas • 3. 1/3 employed living in poverty- led to fight for minimum wage (women and children) Some states followed Progressives but it took until 1938 for National Minimum Wage. • 4. Fight for safe conditions- followed a warehouse fire in NYC- 140 dead (1911)

  8. B. Courts Response- business Owners and Industrial Leaders- not giving up without a fight. • 14th amendment – the right to life, liberty and property • 1. Supreme Court rules in favor of business’s freedom of contract “worker has liberty or freedom to accept employment.” • 2. Court did side with social legislation some times- when the effects on health and well being were shown

  9. C. Labor Unions • Unions wanted closed shops- work place only hires union members • Some even favor socialism- people/workers own means of production • 1. AFL- American Federation of Labor • 2. IWW- Industrial Workers of the World- open shop- non-union work place

  10. 17.3- Reforming Society

  11. A. Reforming city life- by 1920, over 50% of U.S. population was living in a city…problems from over crowding. 1. Clean up city • A. New York State Tenement House Bill • Put in windows for light, air, and ventilation • Built around open court yard • Bathroom for every apartment, not floor • B. National Tuberculosis Association • Educate people on TB and lobby government to build special hospitals • C. Plans to get rid of city garbage • D. City parks, playgrounds- safe place for children

  12. 2. City Planning- idea that a clean city and better architecture would influence people to be better citizens • Chicago, Washington D.C., Cleveland, San Francisco—influenced other areas • b. Main objective followed: parks, building odes, sanitation, standards, zoning, jobs of local government

  13. B. Urban Moral Reform- get rid of immoral behaviorCauses: • 1.Alcohol- main problem- increase in crime, breakup of family, unemployment • Anti-saloon league • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Volunteers and workers all over the country preached the message to stop drinking and get rid of alcohol and saloons • Led to the 18th Amendment- Prohibition- 1919 • 2. Rise of Motion Pictures- seen by many, sources of temptation about crime, drugs, romance, etc.

  14. C. Limits of Progressivism Whites help whites; blacks help blacks • WEB DuBois “ The Soul of Black Folk”- 1903 “I am African AND American • Socialism --- communism • 1. The fight for racial justice- 1909 NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons • “The Crisis”- DuBois and Addams • 1915- Guinn v. U.S. – outlaw grandfather clause • 1917- Buchanan v. Warley- no segregated housing • National Urban League- 1910- help Southern blacks adapt to the North • 2. American Indian Progressives -Dawes Act (1887) not working; gradual change -1911- society of American Indians- some strong tribal values, some assimilation • Jim Thorpe- Olympic gold medallist- role model • No “buck” or “squaw” stereotypes • Criticize Bureau of Indian Affairs- decline after 1923 because mismanagement

  15. D. Immigrants and Assimilation • 1. Sympathetic • 2. Accusation of immoral behavior- drinking, gambling, support political machines; result- resist immigration Ex) Madison Grant 1916- progressive yet “The Passing of The Great Race”- racist 3. Solution- “Americanization” – immigrants resent

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