Putting the Community in Policing

1. Putting the Community in Policing

2. TODD A. MILLERCHAIRIACP COMMUNITY POLICING COMMITTEE

3. Professional Experience • Chief of Police Since 1976 • Chair – IACP Community Policing Committee Since 2005 • Instructor and Speaker on COPPS Issues • Two-Time Winner – IACP Community Policing Award

4. IACP • Serving the Leaders of Today, Developing the Leaders of Tomorrow • Established 1893, Oldest and Largest Organization of Police Leaders in the World • Over 20K Members From Approximately 100 Countries • 59 Committees and Sections • Focuses On Programs and Services, Legislative Advocacy, Policy and Training

5. The New Normal “ Business as usual” …….. A term of the PAST.

6. COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY • Who’s job is: • Solving Crime? • Preventing Crime? • Maintaining or Enhancing Quality of Life? Shared Responsibility?

7. What did we the Police Do? • For Years, we told the community to give us more money and more officers, and then to stand back and let us do our jobs. • IT DIDN’T WORK! • By doing this, we took ownership of the crime problem

8. CRIME IS NOT A POLICE PROBLEM – IT IS A COMMUNITY PROBLEM!

9. Traditional Policing

10. Traditional Policing • Incident driven • Reacting to individual events • Invoking criminal justice process • Using aggregate crime statistics to evaluate performance

11. Traditional Policing Strategies • Preventative patrol • Rapid response • Follow-up investigations • More Police • Crackdowns

12. What is Community Policing?

13. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles for Modern Policing • The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. • The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependant upon public approval of police actions.

14. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles for Modern Policing • Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the law. • The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force.

15. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles for Modern Policing • Police seek and preserve public favor not by catered public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. • Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient.

16. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles for Modern Policing • Police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; the Police are the public and the public are the police. The police being only those full time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all citizens in the interest of community safety.

17. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles for Modern Policing • Police should always direct their actions strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary. • The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.

18. Community Oriented Policing & Problem Solving C.O.P.P.S.

19. “Community Policing is a system-wide philosophy and management approach which promotes community, government and police partnerships to engage in pro-active problem solving to address causes of crime, fear of crime and other shared community issues.”

20. Community Policing Core Components • Building Community Partnerships as a Force Multiplier • Problem Solving as a proactive strategy for reducing crime and disorder • Organizational Transformation to support new strategies

21. Community Policing • Balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. • Requires police and citizens to join together as partners in the course of both identifying and effectively addressing issues.

22. What Community Policing IS: • Philosophy and Organizational Strategy • Commitment to Community Empowerment • Decentralized and Personalized Policing • Immediate and Long Term Proactive Problem Solving • Ethics, Legality, Responsibility and Trust • Expanding the Police Mandate • Helping those with Special Needs • Grassroots Creativity and Support • Internal Change • Building for the Future

23. What Community Policing IS NOT: • A technique or a program • Public relations • Anti-technology • Soft on Crime • Flamboyant • It is not Foot Patrol or Riding a Bicycle • An independent, separate entity or unit within the department • Merely cosmetic • A top-down approach • Just another name for social work

24. Principles of C.O.P.P.S. • Reassesses who is responsible for public safety and redefines the roles and relationships between local government and the community. • Requires shared ownership, decision making, and accountability, as well as sustained commitment from both the local government and the community. • Establishes new public expectations of and measurement standards for police and government effectiveness. • Increased understanding and trust between police and community members.

25. Principles of C.O.P.P.S. • Empowers and strengthens community-based efforts. • Requires constant flexibility to respond to all emerging issues. • Requires an on-going commitment to developing long-term and proactive programs/strategies to address the underlying conditions that cause community problems • Requires knowledge of available community resources and how to access and mobilize them, as well as the ability to develop new resources within the community.

26. Principles of C.O.P.P.S. • Requires buy-in of the top management of the police and other local government agencies, as well as a commitment from all levels of management. • Decentralizes police and other government services, operations, and management. Encourages innovative and creative problem solving by all – making greater use of the knowledge, skill and expertise throughout the organization.

27. Principles of C.O.P.P.S. • Shifts the focus of work from responding to individual incidents to addressing problems identified by the community and the police, emphasizing problem solving approaches to supplement traditional methods of governing. • Requires commitment to developing new skills through training (e.g., problem-solving, networking, mediation, facilitation, conflict resolution, cultural competency/literacy).

28. Community Partnerships

29. Community Partnership Community Partnership must include: 1. Positive relationships with the community. 2. Community involvement in the quest for better crime control and prevention. 3. Pooled approaches to address community members’ most urgent concerns. 4. Shared responsibility for finding workable solutions to problems that detract from community safety and security.

30. Community Partnership Four keys to the Community Partnership equation: 1. Community contact 2. Communication 3. Trust 4. Information exchange

31. Establishing Trust • It is easier to Trust Someone You Know • You can’t get to know someone Without Contact • Requires the Involvement of all Agency Employees • Requires the Agency to Become an Integral Part of the Community Culture • Requires Transparency, Openness and Accountability • Requires Respecting Culture and Individuals

32. Benefits of Collaborative Partnerships • Offers a comprehensive way to address a problem • Increases coordination among public agencies and the community • Represents the needs of all facets of the community • Establishes a broad base of program support • Viewed positively by funding sources • Increases available information • Fosters the feeling that we are not alone

33. Problem Solving “Houston -- We’ve got a problem.” Apollo 13 Commander James Lovell “Okay, let’s work the problem people, let’s not make it worse by guessing.” Houston Space Center Ground Leader

34. Problem Solving Theory of Problem Oriented Policing: • Underlying conditions create problems. • A problem created by these conditions may generate one or more incidents. • These incidents, some or all of which come to the attention of the police, are symptoms of the problem • The incidents will continue so long as the problem that creates them persists. • In partnership with the community, Police officers gather information to get a clear picture of the problem, then address the underlying conditions.

35. Problem Solving Problem Solving is best defined by its parts: 1. Identifying crime, disorder and fear problems. 2. Understanding the conditions that give rise to these problems. 3. Developing and implementing long-term solutions tailored to the problems. 4. Determining the solution’s impact on the problems.

36. Problem Solving 10 percent of offenders account for 55 percent of crimes. 10 percent of victims account for 42 percent of victimization. 10 percent of the locations account for 60 percent of the calls for service to police.

37. Problem Solving The SARA Model: Scanning - Group individual, related incidents as “problems” and define these problems in more precise and useful terms. Analysis - Information is collected from a variety of public and private sources, not just police data, to illuminate the underlying nature of the problem. Response - Work with citizens, businesses, public and private agencies, officers tailor a program of action that may go beyond traditional criminal justice remedies. Assessment - The impact of the response is determined to see if the problem was solved or alleviated.

38. Problem Solving Advantages • Utilizes Officer Expertise and Creativity • Greater Community Involvement/Resources • Information Resources Expand • Reduces Negative Labeling and Finger Pointing • People Work Toward Mutual Goals • Positive Roles for the People with the Problem • Shares Ownership of the Problem • Solutions are More Effective When Developed Together in Partnership

39. How Does This Relate to a Broader Government Service Model?

40. Community Governance • Community Policing is not just for the police. • Seamless municipal government service model that is highly effective in addressing community issues and increasing citizen satisfaction. • Coordinated approach to providing city services and solving community problems. • Based on COP principles, other government agencies are called on for their abilities to respond to and address citywide issues.

41. Community Governance Cont. • Community based organizations are brought in to address issues of common concern. • Support and Leadership of elected officials is vital. • Organizational and cultural changes take place in all these agencies to promote proactive public service models based on the principles of partnerships and problem-solving.

42. WHAT ABOUT??? • Data Driven Policing • Hot Spot Policing • Intelligence Led Policing • (Insert New Buzzword Here) Policing • Etc. • Etc.

43. These are all tactics and strategies to address crime that are not effective without partnerships, stakeholders, problem solving, outreach and trust; the basic components of community policing. Community Policing is the overall philosophy that all of these tactics and strategies must operate under.

44. Community Policing Committee • 30 Members From Law Enforcement, Academia, City Management, Business • Partners From Federal Agencies • IACP Has Adopted 3 Resolutions Encouraging Members to Utilize the Philosophy of Community Policing in the Delivery of Police Services, Prevention of Crime, Preservation of Homeland Security, and Establishment of Trust With Their Communities

45. MISSION • Studies community policing strategies and operations. Works to define community policing and create standardized criteria for agencies employing it; formulate model policies and procedures for community police operations; sponsor, evaluate, and publish community-oriented policing research; coordinate and distribute literature and other community police resource and reference materials; develop and distribute community policing training curriculum and other learning materials for all levels of police personnel; compile a network of professional law enforcement and academic experts and contact persons on community policing; identify, reward, and portray as models agencies that have successfully implemented community-policing programs; and establish links with non-law enforcement social and human service agencies toward enhanced communication, training, and mutual problem solving.

46. WHAT WE DO

47. IACP AND CISCO CP AWARDS • One of the Oldest and Most Prestigious IACP Awards • Presented Since 1998 • Recognizes Best Practices in Community Policing Around the World • 5 Different Population Categories • Homeland Security Recognee • Over 60 Winners and 120 Finalists Recognized

48. 2013 WINNERS HAMILTON ONTARIO CANADA POLICE SERVICE BOISE IDAHO POLICE DEPT. ABINGTON TOWNSHIP PENNSLYVANIA POLICE DEPT. MANKATO MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY

49. 2013 FINALISTS VAIL COLORADO MADISON CITY ALABAMA ST. LOUIS PARK MINNESOTA DULUTH MINNESOTA DAYTON OHIO GRAND PRAIRIE TEXAS HONG KONG CHINA COLORADO STATE PATROL

50. WHAT PROBLEMS ADDRESSED? • Working with Immigrants and Refugees • Community Oriented Governance • Youth Services • Working With The Mentally Ill • Business Loss Prevention • Text To Protect Communication With School/Youth • Sexual Assault Victims • Nuisance Abatement • Metal Thefts • On and On and On