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Long-Distance Relationships. Why do people maintain LDRs ? Carpenter & Knox 1986. Why do people maintain LDRs ? Carpenter & Knox 1986. Females emotionally involved / commitment Males dating other women comparisons confirm commitment to LDR. Conditions for Effective LDRs? Gerstel, 1976.
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Why do people maintain LDRs?Carpenter & Knox 1986 • Females • emotionally involved / commitment • Males • dating other women • comparisons confirm commitment to LDR
Conditions for Effective LDRs?Gerstel, 1976 • Money • Flexible Work Schedule • Mobility of work-related materials. • Willingness on part of both parties
Costs/Benefits of LDRs?Gerstel & Gross 1982 • Costs • trivial everyday talk / planned leisure activities • Benefits • relationship given priority when together • more time invested in relationship • household chores shared more often • learn to do things normally done by spouse
Quality of LDR vs. GCR?Dellman-Jenkins, Bernard-Paolucci, & Rushing 1994 • Males less satisfied than females in both types of relationships
Communication Research
Shared MeaningStephen 1986 • Verbal / vocal channel • aided LDR couples in created shared meaning • Phone Conversations #1 • more frequently LDR couples engaged in phone talk, the stronger their shared meaning
Amount of Communication?Stafford & Reske 1990 • Restricted comm + Relational images • Face-to-face interaction detrimental to relationship
Quality of LDR interactions?Westerfield & Liddell 1982 • Hyperconscious of time mgt • Higher quality interaction expectations Uncertainty in LDR relationships (Emmers & Canary, 1996) Unfaithfulness, 3rd party competition, geographic distance