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Chapter 32 World War II

Chapter 32 World War II. Section 1 Hitler’s Lightning War. Rise of Hitler. Hitler joined new political group that wants to overturn Treaty of Versailles Called National Socialist German Workers’ Party (aka Nazism)

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Chapter 32 World War II

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  1. Chapter 32World War II Section 1 Hitler’s Lightning War

  2. Rise of Hitler • Hitler joined new political group that wants to overturn Treaty of Versailles • Called National Socialist German Workers’ Party (aka Nazism) • First attempt to take over Germany in 1923 fails, goes to jail for 5 years for treason

  3. Cont • Writes Mein Kampf in jail • Hitler’s beliefs and goals for Germany • Burned down the Reichstag, blamed Communists • 1933, becomes chancellor (legally), call him DerFurher • formed the SS (Schutztaffel), they killed hundreds of Hitler enemies • Gestapo – secret police

  4. Cont • Used propaganda to build a following • Burned books that went against Nazi beliefs • Used Jews as scapegoats for all Germany’s troubles

  5. Rise of Mussolini • Benito Mussolini (Fascist) marches on Rome in October 1922 • Fascism promotes extreme nationalism • Demand to put Mussolini in charge • Mussolini is called Il Duce

  6. Testing the League • In 1935, Italy took over Ethiopia • Ethiopia appeals to the League of Nations, which does nothing • Hitler takes control of the Rhineland • Buffer zone between Germany and France that the Treaty didn’t allow Germany to go into • League of Nations does nothing • Using appeasement: give into demands to maintain peace

  7. Cont • Hitler and Mussolini form alliance called the Axis Powers in 1936 • Hitler starts calling Germany the Third Reich (German Empire) • Hitler moves army into Austria, annexes it • Moves army into the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) • Hold the Munich Conference where British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, uses appeasement

  8. Cont • At Munich Hitler promised to not take anymore land, 6 months later he took the rest of Czechoslovakia • Mussolini takes Albania • Hitler signs a ten year nonaggression pact with Joseph Stalin (leader of USSR, replaced Lenin)

  9. Germany’s Lightning Attack • Part of nonaggression pact was that Germany and USSR would split Poland • In September 1939, German troops invade Poland with new war strategy called blitzkrieg • Lightning war • 2 days following Poland’s invasion, France and Britain declare war on Germany • Before France and GB can do anything Poland is divided up

  10. The Soviets Make Their Move • Gets eastern part of Poland • Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia fall without struggle, Finland does • USSR to many troops (largest in world), takes down Finland

  11. The Phony War • France and Britain station their troops on the Maginot Line • Defense border between France and Germany • Hitler launches surprise attack into Denmark and Norway in April 1940 • 4 hours after attack, Denmark falls • 2 months later Norway falls

  12. Fall of France • Hitler then takes Netherlands, Luxembourg • Allied troops pinned in Dunkirk • Using 850 ships, the British rescue 338,000 soldiers • June 14, 1940 Paris falls • June 22, 1940 France surrenders • Charles de Gaulle sets up the Free French military and an exile gov’t in London

  13. Battle of Britain • Now Great Britain stands alone • Winston Churchill is their prime minister • Promising never to surrender, they take on huge air strikes from the Luftwaffe

  14. Cont • London gets hit hard, but Britain never surrenders • Britain used radar and a German code breaking machine called Enigma to hold off Germany

  15. Axis Forces Attack North Africa • Mussolini goes into Egypt, but gets pushed back by Britain • Hitler sends Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox, to save his Axis partner • The Desert Fox pushes the British back

  16. The War in the Balkans • Threatening force, Hitler convinces Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary to join Axis Powers • Invade Greece and Yugoslavia • Greece falls in 11 days • Yugoslavia falls in 17

  17. Hitler Invades Soviet Union • Invasion of Soviet Union is called Operation Barbarossa • Starts June 1941 • Germany pushes USSR back 500 miles • Stalin issues scorched earth policy • Nazis surround Leningrad, cut off all supply lines, destroy food warehouses • People start to eat cow and horse feed, then cats and dogs, then crows and rats • 1 million people die in Leningrad, but they refused to fall

  18. Cont • Hitler is impatient and starts to go after Moscow • Like with Napoleon, German troops aren’t prepared for winter and are going to get pushed back in 1943 • Germans lose 500,000 lives in attack on Moscow

  19. The US Aids its Allies • 1935-1937 US passes Neutrality Acts • Can’t sell arms or lend money to nations at war • 1941, pass Lend Lease Act • President can lend or lease arms to nations vital to our defense

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