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Information Technology in 2050

Team Green IT: Joshua Blum and Jesika Haria. Background. Internet use and data transfer are ever growing This growth is associated with an enormous energy consumption  Architectural and structural modifications are needed in the IT infrastructure. Information Technology in 2050.

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Information Technology in 2050

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  1. Team Green IT: Joshua Blum and Jesika Haria Background • Internet use and data transfer are ever growing • This growth is associated with an enormous energy consumption  • Architectural and structural modifications are needed in the IT infrastructure. Information Technology in 2050 Source: CTR, Jan 2011 Recommended Solutions Issues and Constraints • Reduce system inefficiencies • Integrated Si photonics • Scale down size of Ge photodetector to reduce power consumption • Data center inefficiencies • Circuit inefficiencies • Moore's Law limitations Principles of Engineering Practice 2011 UT-MIST-MIT International Seminar on Materials

  2. Presentation Summary

  3. Background (Trends vs. current technology) Energy consumed by IT has increased 10x since 2006 to 15% of total energy consumption  A PC runs at 6% efficiency, data centers run at 56% efficiency  The IT industry accounts for 2% of the world's GHG emissions, higher than the airline industry Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), Data Center Performance Efficiency (DCPE) and Input-Output Operations (IOPs)/ Watt are some metrics that can be used to measure data center efficiency 

  4. By 2030, IT traffic will consume 100% of Japan's current energy production Energy (TWh) IP Routers Internet traffic Time (years) Source: METI and MIC

  5. Data centers have huge losses, mostly cooling, low utilization and UPS • Only 2.5% of energy entering a data center goes to useful computing  System Constraints Source: Rocky Mountain Institute

  6. Circuit Constraints • Moore's Law states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on a circuit doubles every year • Moore's Law is approaching its limit now • Current metal interconnect technologies are hugely inefficient due to power losses  P: Power C: Capacitance V: Voltage f : Frequency  Source: Moore's Law, Wikipedia Architectural and structural changes need to be made

  7. Architectural Recommendations • Nano-Data Centers • Energy Proportional Computing  • Cloud Computing Recommendations 

  8. Structural Recommendations • Integrated Si photonics • Ge photodetectors Recommendations  Source: Characterizing the Business Environment

  9. Nano-Data Centers (NaDa) • P2P network • Saves in cooling costs • Less data travel distance • Estimated to save 30-40% of cooling costs Architectural Recommendations  • Energy Proportional Computing (EPC) • Servers & computers typically operate at 10%-50% of utilization • Eliminates baseline power waste • Technology present in mobile device • Cloud Computing • Works hand and hand with NaDa and EPC • Distributes workload over many devices • Allows instant access to files Source: Case for EPC 2007

  10. Si Integrated photonics • Convergence on the "last mile" of photonics and electronics • Inter-chip communications & all connections less than 5cm Structural Recommendations  • Ge Photodetectors • Used for large difference in index of refraction from Si (4.0 vs. 3.5) • Power consumption proportional to area (capacitance) and applied voltage • Need a 1000x reduction to limit consumption curve (IT in Japan) Source: Si Integrated Ge JFET Photodetector, J Wang

  11. Architectural modifications will eliminate system inefficiencies present • For long term energy reduction, photonics will take the lead • Goal is to reduce power consumption by 1000x by scaling down and integrating photonic devices.  Analysis Source: Intel Corporation, 2010

  12. Consequences • Growth is sustainable if technology creates efficiencies. • As needs scale up, efficiency must scale up proportionately. • By making IT more efficient, other sectors can become more efficient as well.  Energy (TWh) IP Routers Internet traffic Implementation Time (years) Source: METI and MIC • In 10 years, bring in architectural changes and begin implementing structural modifications • In 50 years, physical limitations of photonics will be reached, beginning of a new learning curve.   • Beyond 50 years, begin new learning curve for IT with new technologies... ... along with time travel, teleportation, and lightsabers?

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