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Understanding Forces Shaping Earth's Layers

Analyze data to predict changes on Earth's surface due to tension, compression, and shearing forces. Explore how energy transfer creates convection currents and affects movement of matter. Learn through hands-on POCER activities. Study heat transfer methods and convection currents within Earth's layers. Delve into conduction, radiation, and convection heat transfers. Discuss the effects of density on fluid flow and convection currents. Make connections to the Earth's core and mantle interactions.

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Understanding Forces Shaping Earth's Layers

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  1. Review the Earth’s Layers without using words • 1. Tension is a force that pulls on the plates (lithosphere)…. What does tension look like? • Compression is s force the pushes on the plates (lithosphere). What does compression look like? • Shearing is a force that pushes on the plates causing one to move in one direction and the other plate to move in opposite direction. What does shearing look like? • Where does do the forces come from to cause the lithosphere to move?

  2. Learning Target: : I am learning how to analyze data in order to predict changes on the Earth’s surface. The purpose of this is to understand why we have earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mid-ocean ridges and mountains. Today I am learning about how energy transfer creates convection currents and movement of matter. CW: P.O.C.E.R. & heat transfer HW: Read 1.2 in your text book “Convection and the Mantle” Take Cornell notes

  3. Were are going to do a POCER to get a clue to where the force is coming from to move the lithosphere… the tectonic plates.

  4. In your groups… fill out the POCER • Use a small index card to put on top of the beaker of test tube you are going to put on the top. Then once each container is on top of each other then carefully pull out the index card. Hold the containers carefully for several minutes and observe what happens to the solutions. • You should be asking yourself what does this have to do with forces and the movement of the lithosphere?

  5. So what about this?

  6. Inquiry???? • In which layer of the earth would you expect to find the mixing of the two solutions (purple)? Why?

  7. Convection Current happens in the oceans!

  8. Convection Current happen in a pot of boiling water…. Along within the mantle.

  9. Convection Current happen in the weather.

  10. Does convection current happen inside a lava lamp?

  11. Learning Target: : I am learning how to analyze data in order to predict changes on the Earth’s surface. The purpose of this is to understand why we have earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mid-ocean ridges and mountains. Today I am learning about convection currents and what they have to do with Earth’s layers. CW: Convection Current & heat transfer HW: None

  12. Questions over the reading…… • What are the three types of heat transfer? • How is heat transferred through space? • What is a convection current? • In general, what happens to the density of a fluid as it becomes hotter? • Describe how convection currents form. • Name two layers of Earth in which convection currents take place. • What causes convection currents in the mantle?

  13. Note-catcher types of heat transfer • In your pod Define radiation….. • Next, • Define Conduction….. • Next, • Define convection…..

  14. Radiation • Heat transfer with no contact taking place between the heat source and an object.

  15. Conduction • Heat transfer within a material or an object when direct touching is taking place.

  16. Convection • Heat transfer by the flow of an energized fluid. This flow usually happens form one part of fluid to another part.

  17. Pod Chat…. • In your pod Provide several examples of radiation….. … • Next, • Provide several examples of conduction ……. • Next, • Define Provide several examples of convection….. ……

  18. Closure • What does density have to do with the flow of a fluid / convection current? • Hint: • Once a flow of energized fluid begins does it lose its energy? • What will happen next…. • How would you describe atoms as they gain energy? • Do these particle become less dense or more dense? • How would you describe atoms as they lose energy? • Do these particle become less dense or more dense?

  19. Making connections • The core of Earth is really hot. How do you think this affects what happens to the materials within the mantle? • How does the mantle and the materials within the mantle affect what happens on the crust & lithosphere? • .

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