The history of European cinema

1. The history of European cinema EARLY PIONEERS

2. PurpleNoon The Talented Mr. Ripley • „everyday” characters • Dialogue packed • A guess-game • Somewhat slower • Stars • Action packed • Entertainment • Fast, dynamic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GkuhBEA-Lw

3. European film Mainstream Hollywood • Seen as art • National cinema, smaller schools • Small home market • Small to middle-sized corporations • Small-scale, low budget marketing • Low volume • Nationwide distribution • Seen as entertainment • Powerfully capitalized industry • Large home market • Large corporations with shares in all kinds of leisure activities • Large-scale marketing • High volume • Worldwide distribution

4. The European film pioneers (1895-1910) • Europeans were the pioneers of the motion picture industry, with several innovative engineers and artists • Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince – Roundhay Garden Scene is believedto be theoldestsurviving film inexistence (1888) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knD2EhjGwWI

5. The Skladanowskybrothers • Max and Emil Skladanowsky: theyinvented the bioscop, an earlymovieprojector. • Theyusedittodisplay the first moving picture show to a paying audience on 1 November 1895. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NG39MDk0KM

6. The Lumièrebrothers • The Lumièrebrothers established thecinematograph,which initiated thesilent film era, a period where European cinema was a major commercial success.  • The Lumières held their first private screening of projected motion pictures in 1895. This first screening on 22 March 1895 took place in Paris, at the "Society for the Development of the National Industry", in front of an audience of 200 people.

7. The Lumièrebrothers • The Lumières gave their first paid public screening on 28 December 1895, atSalonIndien du Grand Café in Paris. • This history-making presentation featured 10 short films, including their first film: Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nj0vEO4Q6s

8. Georges Méliès • On 28 December 1895, Méliès attended a special private demonstration of theLumièresbrothers’ cinematograph • Mélièsimmediately offered the Lumières10,000francs for one of their machines; the Lumières refused, anxious to keep a close control on their invention and to emphasize the scientific nature of the device. • Méliès, intent on finding a film projectorturned elsewhere; numerous other inventors in Europe and America were experimenting with machines similar to the Lumières' invention, albeit at a less technically sophisticated level. • Finally he ended upbuying an animatiographfrom Robert W. Paul. • Mélièsmodified the machine so that it would serve as a film camera.

9. Georges Méliès • In total, Méliès made more than 500 films • He covered every genre of film: Lumière-like documentaries, comedies, historical reconstructions, dramas, magic tricks, and „fairystories” • In May 1902, Méliès made the film A Triptothe Moon. At 14 minutes, it was Méliès' longest film up to that date and cost 10,000 francs to produce. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_KOpg-zNjA

10. Georges MélièsvstheLumièrebrothers • Méliès directed over 500 films between 1896 and 1913, ranging in length from one to forty minutes. In subject matter, these films are often similar to the magic theatre shows that Méliès had been doing, containing "tricks" and impossible events, such as objects disappearing or changing size • the Lumière brothers had dispatched camera operators across the world to document it as ethnographicdocumentarians, intending their invention to be highly important in scientific and historical study • Thusthetwo main purpose of film is born: entertainmentand science

11. Assignmentfor 19 March, 2019 • WatchCinema Europe (1) – WhereItAllBegan and thinkaboutthefollowings: • What is therole of cinema? • What is therelationshipbetweenpolitics and cinema? • Howwouldyouregardtherolemovingimages play in: • Entertainingpeople • Informingpeople • Influencingpeople (ifyouareinterestedintheearly European cinema, youcanalsowatch Hugo by Martin Scorsese (2011) – it is on a voluntarybasis!)