1 / 24

Understanding Oil Discharges to the Sea: Impacts, Solutions, and More

Explore the impact of oil discharges on the environment, economy, and marine life, including ecological and economic repercussions. Learn about different oil products, the role of shipping, vegetable oils, and effective solutions to mitigate oil spills.

rgroesbeck
Download Presentation

Understanding Oil Discharges to the Sea: Impacts, Solutions, and More

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Discharges to the sea Oil Name – Date

  2. Discharges to the sea - Oil Contents • Introduction • Oil and oil products • What happens to an oil spill? • Main impacts • Ecological • Economic • Vegetable oils • The role of shipping • Solutions 2 Photo credits: ITOPF/North Sea Foundation

  3. 1. Introduction The importance of oil In 2011: production of 87 million barrels per day Oil in the sea is seen as a major environmentalproblem. Oil mayenter the environment duringproduction, transport and use. Photo credits: ProSea

  4. 2. Oil and oil products • Large variety of products • Diesel oil, gas oil, kerosene, LPG, bunkeroil • Crude Oil - mix • 30% gasoil • 10% kerosene • 15 % light distillate • 25 % heavy distillate • 20% residu Photo credits: North Sea Foundation

  5. Crude oil also contains • Nitrogen, Sulphur , Oxygen • Different heavy metals (Fe, Zn) • Hundreds of different chemicals • Chemical composition varies

  6. 3. What happens to an oil spill • Very fast evaporation (C1 to C10) • Soluble fraction • Floating layer (>C10), subject to natural dispersion • A persistent floating layer (>C15) Illustration credits: ProSea

  7. Weathering Photo and illustration credits: ITOPF

  8. Persistence of oil Photo credits: ITOPF

  9. 4. Main impacts Oil in the sea is seen as a major environmental problem – big spillsget a lot of attention Photo credits: ITOPF

  10. 4. Main impacts - ecological Impact dependson: • Type and amount of oil • Weatherconditions and season • Areawhere the spilltakes place Adverseeffects of oil discharges at seadepend more on the site of discharge thanon the size of the discharge. Photo credits: ITOPF

  11. Birds Photo credits:Ecomare

  12. Toxic effects/plankton Saltmarsh/mangroves Taintingshellfish Photo credits:NIOZ, Josje Snoek/ProSea/Ecomare

  13. 4. Main impacts - economic Photo credits: ITOPF/NOAA

  14. 5. Vegetableoils • Oil extractions from plants and fruit • such as palm nut, sunflower, soybean, olive, ... • They are not as ‘innocent’ as we might think • Vegetable oil spill can be equally problematic as mineral oil spill • Plumage of birds • Fur of mammals • Smothering of bottomdwellers Photo credits: ELASTEC AmericanMarine

  15. 6. The role of shipping • Total (2002) – 1,3 milliontonsoil (1973 – 6,1 million) • Natural seeps600.000 (47%) • Extraction38.000(3%) • Transportation 150.000 (12%) • - tank vesselspills (100.000) • - operational discharges (36.000) • Consumption480.000 (38%) • - land-based (140.000) • - operational discharges (270.000) • - spills (7.000) Where does oil in the sea come from? ‘Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates and Effect’, National Research Council. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, U.S., 2002.

  16. Accidental spills: 8% of all oil in the sea Photo credits:ITOPF

  17. Operational discharges all ships: 24% of all oil in the sea Photo credits: ProSea

  18. 6. The role of shipping • Since 1979, the amount of oil in the sea, as a result of shipping operations, has declined drastically. Spills over 700 tons Illustration credits: ITOPF

  19. 6. The role of shipping • Only a small fraction of oil in the marine environment comes from tanker accidents • Routine shipping operations contribute three times as much Photo credits: ITOPF/ProSea

  20. 7. Solutions MARPOL • Annex I(oil and oil products) • Discharge permitted, under certain circumstances (15 ppm) • Double hull • Oil Record book • Special areas

  21. Oilybilge water separator Photo credits: Environmental Protection Engineering S.A.

  22. Incinerator Photo credits: Atlas Incinerators

  23. Port receptionfacilities Photo credits: Port of Rotterdam

  24. Questions?

More Related