JSC History Week 5 Session 1 Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea

1. JSC History Week 5 Session 1Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea Doyoung Park Osaka Gakuin University

2. Last Session Review • Local identity and local heroes • Three big heroes • Oda Nobunaga • Toyotomi Hideyoshi • Tokugawa Ieyasu

3. Today’s Topic 1592 Hideyoshi’s Invasion

4. Hideyoshi’s Invasion • Invasion of Korea, 1592 • Lasted 7 years • Japan, Korea and China involved • Affected the East Asian world • What was the reason? • What was the impact?

5. Factor1: Hideyoshi’s Ambition Hideyoshi’s fan

6. Factor1: Hideyoshi’s Ambition • 1585, Ambition to conquer Korea and China • 1587, Plan to invade Korea • 1591, Hideyoshi’s ambassador to Korea • Borrowing the way to China

7. Hideyoshi Provoked Korea

8. Korea’s Ignorance • Two ambassadors to Japan • Hwang Yun-kil : Hideyoshi will invade Korea • Kim Seong-il: Hideyoshi will not • The government accepted Kim’s opinion • Ignored Japan’s movement • Looked down Japan’s power • Looked as pirates

9. The war broke out 210,000 Japanese solders landed April 14 1592

10. Fast Advance of Japanese Army • Only 20 days from Busan to Seoul, (430km)

11. Weak Korean Military Force • Long peaceful days – inexperienced solders • Total: 145,620 • Elite unit: 23,620 • Support Unit 15,700 • Battle Unit: 7,920 • 7,920 VS 210,000

12. Experienced and Trained Japanese military force • Experienced the Civil War for 106 years • Military camp society

13. New Weapons Japanese Musketeers Korean Cavaliers

15. Do not exploit the people Do not burn buildings down Do not plunder Plan to utilize Korea as the outpost for the invasion of China General did not follow these order well Hideyoshi’s Strategy

16. 58,500 solders Chinese Reinforcement Sep. 1592

17. Civilian Volunteers

18. Korean navy’s victory • Commodore, Lee Sun-shin • Japan lost 59 ships and 9,000 solders

19. Cutting the Japanese supply routes

20. Cease Fire and Reinvasion • China, Korea, Japan, 1593 • Rupture of the negotiation • 1597 Japan reinvaded Korea with 140,000

21. Japanese Navy’s Counter Attack • Korea lost 20,000 solders, only 12 ships survived

22. Change of Hideyoshi’s Polocies • From “utilizing Korean peasants” to “scorched earth” • Plan to occupy Korea as new lands for the daimyo awards • Suppress the complains from daimyo • Motivation of war business • Plundering allowed • War went more cruel

23. Namwon Battle • 5000 Korean, Chinese solder and civilians • 56,000 Japanese army attacked • All people were killed and Japanese solders cut heads and noses from the bodies • Number of heads and noses were the criteria of award

24. Lee Sun-shin Returns • 31 VS 333 • Situation of the war changed

25. Lee Sun-shin, the National Hero Kwanghwamun Square

26. The Last of the War, Ulsan Battle

27. The End of the War • Death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 1598 • Retreat of the Japanese force

28. Aftermath of the War • Korea • 70,000/97,600, 72% of solders were killed • 3 million civilians were killed, 25% of the total population • Social status system collapsed • 70% of agricultural fields were destroyed • Industries collapsed

29. Aftermath of the War • Ming dynasty, China • Political problems and weak military • Destroyed by Manchurian, Ching

30. Aftermath of the War • Japan • Change of feudal lords power dynamics • Weakened powerful feudal lords • Hideyoshi’s political calculation • Rise of Tokugawa Ieyasu • Rapid development of industry • Kidnapped Korean artisans • Woodblock printing technology • Pottery

31. Feudal lord of Satsuma prefecture (Kakoshima) Kidnapped Korean artisans Shimazu Yoshihiro

32. Satsuma-yaki 薩摩焼