The Muscular System- Histology and Physiology

1. The Muscular System- Histology and Physiology Structure and Function Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers Contraction of Whole Muscles Muscle Metabolism Other Muscle Types $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

2. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $100 Question • Each muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by this tissue: • a. perimysium • b. endomysium • c. epimysium • d. sarcolemma ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $100 Answer • Each muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by this tissue: • a. perimysium • b. endomysium • c. epimysium • d. sarcolemma BACK TO GAME

4. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $200 Question • This statement best describes the muscle property of extensibility: • a. muscles recoil to original shape • b. muscles shorten forcefully • c. muscles can stretch when needed • d. muscles contract when stimulated ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $200 Answer • This statement best describes the muscle property of extensibility: • a. muscles recoil to original shape • b. muscles shorten forcefully • c. muscles can stretch when needed • d. muscles contract when stimulated BACK TO GAME

6. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $300 Question • Troponin binds to this: • a. G actin • b. calcium ions • c. tropomyosin • d. all of these • e. a and c only ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $300 Answer • Troponin binds to this: • a. G actin • b. calcium ions • c. tropomyosin • d. all of these • e. a and c only BACK TO GAME

8. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $400 Question • During muscle contraction, this region shortens: • a. A band • b. I band • c. H zone • d. both a and b • e. both b and c ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $400 Answer • During muscle contraction, this region shortens: • a. A band • b. I band • c. H zone • d. both a and b • e. both b and c BACK TO GAME

10. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $500 Question • These statements about myosin myofilaments are all true except: • a. are thicker than actin • b. make up the H zone • c. attached to the Z disc • d. attached to filaments that form the M line ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle: $500 Answer • These statements about myosin myofilaments are all true except: • a. are thicker than actin • b. make up the H zone • c. attached to the Z disc • d. attached to filaments that form the M line BACK TO GAME

12. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $100 Question • The resting membrane potential occurs when: • a. Na+ ions diffuse into the cell • b. Na+ ions diffuse out of the cell • c. K+ ions diffuse into the cell • d. K+ ions diffuse out of the cell ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $100 Answer • The resting membrane potential occurs when: • a. Na+ ions diffuse into the cell • b. Na+ ions diffuse out of the cell • c. K+ ions diffuse into the cell • d. K+ ions diffuse out of the cell BACK TO GAME

14. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $200 Question • Depolarization must reach this value in a cell to trigger an action potential: • a. 0 mv • b. +20 mv • c. -85 mv • d. threshold ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $200 Answer • Depolarization must reach this value in a cell to trigger an action potential: • a. 0 mv • b. +20 mv • c. -85 mv • d. threshold BACK TO GAME

16. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $300 Question • Energy is needed to make muscles contract and relax. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $300 Answer • Energy is needed to make muscles contract and relax. • True/False BACK TO GAME

18. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $400 Question • These events occur during contraction except: • a. exposure of active sites on actin • b. active transport of Ca+ back into sarcoplasmic reticulum • c. cross-bridges are formed and released • d. power stroke ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $400 Answer • These events occur during contraction except: • a. exposure of active sites on actin • b. active transport of Ca+ back into sarcoplasmic reticulum • c. cross-bridges are formed and released • d. power stroke BACK TO GAME

20. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $500 Question • List the events occurring at a neuromuscular junction in order. • 1. ACh binds to receptors on postsynaptic membrane • 2. acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh • 3. choline is reabsorbed by presynaptic membrane • 4. depolarization of sarcolemma • 5. ligand-gated Na+ ion channels open • a. 1,5,4,2,3 c. 1,4,2,3,5 • b. 5,3,2,1,4 d. 1,5,2,3,4 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: $500 Answer • List the events occurring at a neuromuscular junction in order. • 1. ACh binds to receptors on postsynaptic membrane • 2. acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh • 3. choline is reabsorbed by presynaptic membrane • 4. depolarization of sarcolemma • 5. ligand-gated Na+ ion channels open • a. 1,5,4,2,3 c. 1,4,2,3,5 • b. 5,3,2,1,4 d. 1,5,2,3,4 BACK TO GAME

22. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $100 Question • This stimulus results in the greatest force of contraction because all motor units of a muscle are responding: • a. threshold • b. subthreshold • c. maximal • d. supramaximal ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $100 Answer • This stimulus results in the greatest force of contraction because all motor units of a muscle are responding: • a. threshold • b. subthreshold • c. maximal • d. supramaximal BACK TO GAME

24. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $200 Question • This kind of contraction results in an increase of tension, but the length of the muscle does not change: • a. isometric • b. isotonic • c. concentric • d. eccentric ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $200 Answer • This kind of contraction results in an increase of tension, but the length of the muscle does not change: • a. isometric • b. isotonic • c. concentric • d. eccentric BACK TO GAME

26. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $300 Question • Incomplete tetanus occurs when action potentials are produced so rapidly that the muscle completely contracts without any relaxation. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $300 Answer • Incomplete tetanus occurs when action potentials are produced so rapidly that the muscle completely contracts without any relaxation. • True/False BACK TO GAME

28. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $400 Question • These conditions occur in both physiologic contracture and rigor mortis except: • a. low levels of ATP • b. cross-bridges are formed • c. release of cross-bridges • d. Ca2+ builds up in the sarcoplasm • e. active transport of Ca2+ slows or stops ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $400 Answer • These conditions occur in both physiologic contracture and rigor mortis except: • a. low levels of ATP • b. cross-bridges are formed • c. release of cross-bridges • d. Ca2+ builds up in the sarcoplasm • e. active transport of Ca2+ slows or stops BACK TO GAME

30. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $500 Question • Given the following: • 1. Ca2+ ions are actively transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum • 2. Troponin-tropomyosin complexes move to inhibit cross-bridge formation • 3. Muscle fibers lengthen passively • These events best describe: • a. treppe c. contraction phase • b. lag phase d. relaxation phase ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Contraction of Whole Muscle: $500 Answer • Given the following: • 1. Ca2+ ions are actively transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum • 2. Troponin-tropomyosin complexes move to inhibit cross-bridge formation • 3. Muscle fibers lengthen passively • These events best describe: • a. treppe c. contraction phase • b. lag phase d. relaxation phase BACK TO GAME

32. Muscle Metabolism:$100 Question • Because large amounts of ATP are stored in muscle fibers, it does not need to be continuously synthesized in order to sustain muscle contractions. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Muscle Metabolism:$100 Answer • Because large amounts of ATP are stored in muscle fibers, it does not need to be continuously synthesized in order to sustain muscle contractions. • True/False BACK TO GAME

34. Muscle Metabolism: $200 Question • These statements about creatine phosphate are true except: • a. accumulates in cells to store energy • b. ADP reacts with it to produce ATP • c. creatine kinase is used as a catalyst • d. supports intense exercise for up to 3 minutes ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Muscle Metabolism: $200 Answer • These statements about creatine phosphate are true except: • a. accumulates in cells to store energy • b. ADP reacts with it to produce ATP • c. creatine kinase is used as a catalyst • d. supports intense exercise for up to 3 minutes BACK TO GAME

36. Muscle Metabolism: $300 Question • Recovery consumption is used to restore homeostasis after the following: • a. increase in body temperature • b. changes in intracellular ion concentrations • c. changes in extracellular ion concentrations • d. changes in hormone levels • e. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Muscle Metabolism: $300 Answer • Recovery consumption is used to restore homeostasis after the following: • a. increase in body temperature • b. changes in intracellular ion concentrations • c. changes in extracellular ion concentrations • d. changes in hormone levels • e. all of these BACK TO GAME

38. Muscle Metabolism: $400 Question • Johnny’s primary source of energy comes from this as he runs on his treadmill for 30 minutes every morning: • a. stored ATP • b. aerobic respiration • c. anaerobic respiration • d. creatine phosphate ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Muscle Metabolism: $400 Answer • Johnny’s primary source of energy comes from this as he runs on his treadmill for 30 minutes every morning: • a. stored ATP • b. aerobic respiration • c. anaerobic respiration • d. creatine phosphate BACK TO GAME

40. Muscle Metabolism:$500 Question • This statement is true about anaerobic respiration: • a. produces 38 ATPs per glucose molecule • b. uses fatty acids for sustained exercise • c. can produce ATP rapidly • d. uses citric acid cycle ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Muscle Metabolism:$500 Answer • This statement is true about anaerobic respiration: • a. produces 38 ATPs per glucose molecule • b. uses fatty acids for sustained exercise • c. can produce ATP rapidly • d. uses citric acid cycle BACK TO GAME

42. Other Muscle Types:$100 Question • These structural characteristics apply to cardiac muscle: • a. single, centrally located nucleus • b. spindle shaped • c. striated • d. gap junctions hold cells to one another • e. a and c ANSWER BACK TO GAME

43. Other Muscle Types: $100 Answer • These structural characteristics apply to cardiac muscle: • a. single, centrally located nucleus • b. spindle shaped • c. striated • d. gap junctions hold cells to one another • e. a and c BACK TO GAME

44. Other Muscle Types: $200 Question • The depolarization of cardiac muscle results from the influx of both Na+ and Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. Other Muscle Types: $200 Answer • The depolarization of cardiac muscle results from the influx of both Na+ and Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. • True/False BACK TO GAME

46. Other Muscle Types: $300 Question • These are all properties of smooth muscle except: • a. contracts when stretched • b. autorhythmic • c. responds in all-or-nonefashion to action potentials • d. exhibits relatively constant tension ANSWER BACK TO GAME

47. Other Muscle Types: $300 Answer • These are all properties of smooth muscle except: • a. contracts when stretched • b. autorhythmic • c. responds in all-or-none fashion to action potentials • d. exhibits relatively constant tension BACK TO GAME

48. Other Muscle Types: $400 Question • These are the most important neurotransmitters that regulate smooth muscle: • a. acetylcholine • b. norepinephrine • c. dopamine • d. epinephrine • e. a and b ANSWER BACK TO GAME

49. Other Muscle Types: $400 Answer • These are the most important neurotransmitters that regulate smooth muscle: • a. acetylcholine • b. norepinephrine • c. dopamine • d. epinephrine • e. a and b BACK TO GAME

50. Other Muscle Types: $500 Question • Waves of contraction traverse an entire sheet of visceral (unitary) smooth muscle due to the numerous gap junctions that allow action potentials to pass directly from cell to cell. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME