The Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscular System

1. The Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscular System By: Shane Dooley Audience: Anyone wanting to know more about the muscles in the human body

2. Definition of Anatomy and Physiology Look at us go! • Anatomy- the study of structure • Physiology- the study of function

3. Muscular System • Muscles in the body provide many different things to the body: • Strength • Balance • Posture • Movement • Heat for the body to keep warm

4. Muscle Types • There are three types of muscles in the body • Cardiac muscle • Skeletal Muscle • Smooth Muscle

5. Muscle TypeCardiac Muscle • Cardiac muscle is found in the walls of the heart • It is an involuntary striated muscle • The cardiac muscles move blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels • The cardiac muscles, just like the other two types of muscles need blood to deliver oxygen to them and remove wastes from them like carbon dioxide

6. Cardiac Muscle

7. Muscle TypeSkeletal Muscle • Skeletal muscle is a part of the somatic nervous system • It is a voluntary muscle • Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by collagen fibers known as tendons • Skeletal muscles are made of up muscle fibers • There are three different types of skeletal muscles/ muscle fibers

8. Skeletal Muscle

9. Skeletal MuscleMuscle Fiber Types

10. Muscle TypeSmooth Muscle • Smooth muscle is an involuntary muscle • It is found within the walls of blood vessels, small arteries, arterioles and veins • Smooth muscles are broken down into two sub groups: single unit and multiunit

11. Smooth Muscle

12. Smooth Muscle Types Single Unit • Single unit smooth muscle is innervated by the autonomic nervous system Multiunit • Multiunit smooth muscle innervates individual cells meaning it is very similar to motor unit recruitment in skeletal muscles

13. Muscle Injuries • Muscle injuries can happen to anyone • Athletes are more susceptible to a muscle injury • For more information follow this link: • http://www.emedicinehealth.com/muscle_strain/article_em.htm

14. Stretching • Even though there are different types of muscles, it is extremely important to stretch them all so that an injury does not occur • Stretching is the easiest and most important way to keep from injuring a muscle • There are two types of stretching: static and dynamic

15. Types of Stretching Dynamic Stretching Static Stretching Used when the body is at rest, or cooling down Hold stretch for approximately 30 seconds Static stretching allows for the muscles to relax and to be stretched at a greater length, making you more flexible • This type of stretching should be done before a workout • This stretching increases range of movement, blood and oxygen flow to the muscles • When done properly, dynamic stretching helps to reduce the risk of injury

16. Muscles of the Body

17. Muscles of the Head

18. Muscles of the Upper Body

19. Muscles of the Arms

20. Muscles of the Legs