Power Presentations CHAPTER 14

1. Power Presentations CHAPTER 14

3. Image Impact of the Individual You are a writer who moves to New York in the mid-1800s. A newspaper hires you to write about reform. One day, you hear a speaker call for the end of slavery. Another day you talk to a factory worker whose pay has been cut. In the city, you see great poverty and suffering. What reforms do you think will most benefit American society?

4. • How might you persuade Americans to change life in the city? • Should reform come about through new laws or through individual actions?

5. 1828Noah Webster publishes the American Dictionary of the English Language. 1829David Walker prints Appeal, a pamphlet urging slaves to revolt. 1836The Lowell Mill girls go on strike to demand better conditions. 1843Dorthea Dix asks the Massachusetts legislature to improve the care of the mentally ill. 1848The Seneca Falls Convention demands women’s rights. 1851Maine passes a law banning the sale of alcohol. To World Image

6. 1824The British Parliament makes trade unions illegal. 1829Louis Braille invents a raised type that allows blind people to read. 1845Ireland’s potato crop fails, causing famine. Thousands flee to America. 1848A revolution in Germany fails. Some Germans move to America. 1854Brazil’s first railway opens. Back to U.S. Back to Home

7. In the mid-1800s, millions of Europeans came to the United States hoping to build a better life. Map Main Idea Why It Matters Now These Germans, Irish, and Scandinavians had a strong influence on American culture.

8. settled in port cities Scandinavians Irish Germans settled on farms in the northern Midwest Influences:labor and political activity settled in cities and farms on the frontier Influences: kindergartens, gymnasiums, musical groups, and food What groups of immigrants came to the United States in the mid-1800s? Where did they settle? How did they influence the United States? Immigration

9. • What were the push-pull factors that led to immigration? • How did the arrival of so many immigrants affect U.S. cities? • What was the Know-Nothing Party, and whatwas its point of view about immigration?

10. Think About • • why Irish immigrants and free blacks competed for jobs • • the growth of cities and the problems it created • the prejudices of nativists • religious differences Analyzing Causes How did the rapid increase in immigration cause conflict? Back to Home

11. Main Idea Inspired by nature and democratic ideals, writers and artists produced some of America’s greatest works. Why It Matters Now Nineteenth-century writers such as Hawthorne and Thoreau laid the foundation for American literature.

12. Walden Image Who were important writers and artists in the nineteenth-century U.S.? What works did they produce? WRITER OR ARTIST HIS OR HER WORK Washington Irving “Rip Van Winkle” James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans Henry David Thoreau Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass Emily Dickinson 1775 poems Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville Moby Dick

13. • What was romanticism and how did Americans adapt it? • What is civil disobedience and what did Thoreau do that is an example of it? • How did the writers of the mid-1800s shape modern literature?

14. Think About • • the way they feature U.S. history and culture • • their universal themes—themes that relate to allpeople in all time periods • the way they reflect changes happening at thattime Evaluating Why do you think the literature and art of the mid-1800s are still valued? Back to Home

15. Main Idea In the mid-1800s, several reform movements worked to improve Americaneducation and society. Why It Matters Now Several laws and institutions, such as public schools, date back to this period.

16. What were the problems identified by reformers of the mid-1800s? What were their solutions? PROBLEM REFORMER’S SOLUTION poverty caused by drinking laws that ban alcohol unsafe work for little pay and long hours strike lack of education public schools and new colleges mentally ill in jail hospitals unorganized prisons children in special jails and prisoner rehabilitation

17. • How did the Second Great Awakening influence the reform movement? • How did labor unions try to force businessowners to improve working conditions? • What were women’s contributions to the reform movement?

18. Think About • the changes reformers made in education,temperance, prisons, and the care of the disabled • which of those changes are still in effect today Recognizing Effects What was the long-term impact of the reform movement that took place in the mid-1800s? Back to Home

19. Main Idea The spread of democracy led to calls for freedom for slaves and more rights for women. Why It Matters Now The abolitionists and women reformers of this time inspired 20th-century reformers.

20. 1807 Congress outlaws importation of slaves. 1849 Tubman escapes and begins working on the Underground Railroad. 1845 Douglass publishes his autobiography. 1831 Garrison publishes The Liberator. 1841 The slaves of the Amistad win their freedom. Image 1865 The government abolishes slavery Map What historical developments in the abolition movement occurred between 1807 and 1865?

21. • Why were freedom of speech and freedom of the press important to the abolitionist movement? • What were Frederick Douglass’s contributions to the abolitionist movement? • What were Elizabeth Cady Stanton’scontributions to the women’s rights movement?

22. Think About • • why they opposed slavery • • the social and economic position of women • what the two causes had in common Drawing Conclusions Why do you think that many of the people who fought for abolition also fought for women’s rights? Back to Home

23. REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

24. 1What factors influenced so many immigrants to come to America in the 1800s? 2What did Germans contribute to U.S. culture? 3How did the potato famine affect Irish emigration? 4How did American artists display the love of nature in their paintings? 5What did the Transcendentalists believe?

25. 6Why did many business owners support thetemperance movement? 7Why was it hard for African Americans to receive an education? 8Who published antislavery writings? 9How did the Underground Railroad work? 10What was the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions?

26. HOW PEOPLE INFLUENCED AMERICA IN THE MID-1800s. Germans—kindergarten, gymnasiums, some foods; Irish—city politics Immigrants Writers Thoreau—civil disobedience; Whitman and Dickinson—modern poetry; Poe—horror and detective fiction Reformers revivalists—reform; temperance workers—ban on alcohol; Mann—public education; Dix—treatment of the mentally ill Walker, Garrison, Douglass, Truth, Grimkés—convinced many that slavery was wrong Abolitionists Stanton, Mott, Truth, Anthony—persuaded some that women deserved equal rights Women Back to Home

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