1 / 16

Warm-up Vocabulary

Warm-up Vocabulary. Caliph – ( pg 197) a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims Jihad – ( pg 197) “ struggle, ” “ holy war, ” war to defend the faith; warriors killed in battle go to Paradise. Caliphate the area of land controlled by a Caliph Imam

rhian
Download Presentation

Warm-up Vocabulary

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm-up Vocabulary • Caliph – (pg 197) • a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims • Jihad – ( pg 197) • “struggle,”“holy war,” war to defend the faith; warriors killed in battle go to Paradise. • Caliphate • the area of land controlled by a Caliph • Imam • Highly respected local Islamic worship leader • Muslim’s do not have “priests”

  2. Spread of Islam Umayyads and Abbasids

  3. A quick review • Mohammed (570-632) founded Islam • Based on the messages he heard from Alla • Same God as the Jews and Christians • Quran – Muslim Holy Book • Teaches respect for Jews, Jesus and “the Book” [ the Bible] • 5 Pillars • Sets up a theocracy - Religion, govt, & army are combined • Followed by the first 4 Caliphs • called “Rightly Guided” • Strictly adhered to Quran

  4. Muslim conquest • Under the first 4 caliphs, Islam spreads across Persia and into north Africa (632-661) • Take Jerusalem in 638 • Jihad – “struggle,”“holy war,” war to defend the faith. • Warriors killed in battle will go to Paradise • Arabs are tolerant of other religions • But other religions pay high taxes • So it is cheaper to convert to Islam

  5. Umayyad Dynasty (661- 750) • 661 – 4th Caliph ((Mohammed's cousin) is assassinated • The Umayyad family takes over as caliph • Sets up succession by inheritance (dynasty) • Moves the capital from Medina, Arabia (the Prophet’s home) to Damascus, Syria • Builds the Dome of the Rock Mosque • On the site of the Jewish Temple

  6. A split occurs (680) • Some are not happy about the Umayyad taking over • Mohammad's grandson, Hussein, leads a revolt • Although the revolt fails, it leads to a split among Muslims

  7. A split occurs (680) Sunni Shiite Believe only descendants of Mohammed can lead the Islamic community Umayyads were usurpers 10% of modern Muslims Dominant in Iraq and Iran • Accept the caliphs chosen by the Islamic community at large. • 90% of modern Muslims

  8. Umayyad expansion • After the Shiite revolt fails, Umayyad continue to expand across North Africa and into Spain • Spanish Muslims become known as Moors • And east to the Indus river • But support for Umayyad family weakens • Non-Arabs resent favoritism for Arabs • Leaders are becoming corrupt

  9. Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) • 750 –the Abbasid family takes over • Emphasis is on trade, govt, rather than war • Moves the capital to Baghdad • Tigris river goes south to the Red Sea • It is on the Silk Road. • Less prejudice against non-Arabs • All Muslims can hold office • and marry across racial and national lines

  10. Umayyad Abbasid Mohammad

  11. Golden Age (800’s ) • Greek works are translated and saved • Muslims are studying science • The empire becomes wealthy controlling the silk road

  12. Decline and Division • But wealth leads to corruption • And power leads to in-fighting for control • Non-Arabs rise to ruling class • Generals, civil servants • Local govts start to break away • By 973,capital cities in Spain, Egypt and Baghdad all control a part of the divided empire.

  13. Islam will continue to spread • The Middle East is united by Muslim conquest, Arabic language, and trade • But it does NOT create a common culture. • Each nation retains its separate identity. • Especially the African Muslims

More Related