Expansion of Secondary Education

1. Expansion of Secondary Education A Presentation for the Parliamentary Consultative Committee on Human Resource Development 20th December, 2007

2. Rationale for Secondary Education • Secondary education develops faculties of critical thinking, abstraction, insight, skills and competence at a higher level • Foundation for higher education • Requirement for employment and labour market quality • Critical to social and economic development and growth • Rates of return on secondary education are high • Rising demand from elementary leavers • International competitiveness • Gender equity • Requirement for primary teachers • Poverty reduction and equity 2

3. Secondary Education(IX-X): Some facts Source:- Selected Educational Statistics, 2004-05 3

4. Secondary Education(IX-X): Indicators Source: Selected Educational Statistics, 2004-05 4

5. National Policy on Education, 1986 (as modified in 1992) “ Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs & STs particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams.” (Para 5.13) 5

6. Mid-term Appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan (June 2005) “In order to plan for a major expansion of secondary education in the event of achievement of full or near full retention under SSA, setting up of a new mission for secondary education, on the lines of SSA should be considered”. (Para 2.1.45) 6

7. Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE), Committee on Universalisation of Secondary Education - Report of June, 2005 • The guiding principles of Universal Secondary Education -- Universal Access, Equality and Social Justice • Norms for schooling to be developed for each state with common national parameters • Pressure on secondary education being felt and It will not be wise to wait till 2010 • Financial requirement for universal elementary and secondary education is 5.1% of the GDP • Investment towards Universal Secondary Education must be made not later than 2006-07. 7

8. Challenges in Secondary Education Access Equity Gender Socio-economic Geographical Disability Quality 8

9. Challenge of Access-1: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km. • States having schools less than all India average ALL GUJ HP RJ UP MP JK Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics- 2004-05 9

10. Challenge of Access-2: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km. • States having schools more than all India average ALL TN AP KN MH OR PJ WB AS HR KL Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 10

11. Challenge of Access-3: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh Population • States having schools less than all India average ALL PU UT TN CD MP CH WB BI JH UP DL Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 11

12. Challenge of Access-4: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh Population • States having schools more than all India average ALL GJ JK KL RJ MH HR AS KN AP OR HP Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05 12

13. Percentage of schools by management (2004-05)

14. Challenge Of Participation-1: Gross Enrollment Ratio (Cross Country Comparison) CU SA SL EG TH HG MX VT CH ML IND Asia SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 14

15. Challenge Of Participation-2:Gross Enrollment Ratio • States having GER less than all India average ALL AS UP MP CH RJ JK WB NL JH BH Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05 15

16. Challenge Of Participation-3:Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X) • States having GER more than all India average ALL AP AR HR OR GJ TR KN MH GA UT TN KL Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05 16

17. Challenge Of Participation-4:Disparity in Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X) Source: Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 17

18. Trend of Gross Enrolment Ratio Source : Selected Education Statistics – 2004-05 18

19. Challenge of Quality-1 : Pupil Teacher Ratio (Cross Country Comparison) SA VT TH SL CH KR HK ML EG MX INDO CU Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 19

20. Challenge of Quality-2 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X • States having PTR more than all India average ALL GUJ MH CHH JH BH UP WB Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 20

21. Challenge of Quality-3 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X • States having PTR less than all India average ALL KN UT AS OR GA HP HR RJ KR AR PJ TN Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05 21

22. Transition Rates Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics 22

23. Expenditure on Education: % age of GDP (Cross Country Comparison) SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 and Selected Educational Statistics, 2002-03. 23

24. Expansion of Secondary Education: Goal To make secondary education of good quality available, accessible and affordable to all young persons 24

25. Expansion of Secondary Education: Objectives • To make all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms • Availability and accessto every one • Within 5 Kms for Secondary schools • 7 to 10 Kms for Higher Secondary schools in the 11th Plan and within 5 Km in the 12th Plan. • Equity through removal of gender, socio-economic and disability barriers • To ensure education of good quality for all students 25

26. Expansion of Secondary Education : Targets Source: Selected Educational Statistics and * As per CABE Report on USE 26

27. Expansion of Secondary Education: Physical Targets • Additional enrolment by 2011-12 : 66 lakh • Strengthening of schools : 44,000 • Upgradation of higher primary : 17,000 schools • Additional teachers in existing : 3.02 lakh schools • Additional teachers for upgraded : 3.61 schools • Additional Kendriya Vidyalayas and : 1000 + 700 Navodaya Vidyalayas • Girls’ hostels : 3500

28. Expansion of Secondary Education: General Strategies • Upgrade existing schools to achieve prescribed norms • Expand capacity of existing schools • Open new schools (mostly by upgradation) in areas with gaps • Encourage good quality private schools • Expand facilities for open and distance learning • Step up allocation to secondary education from 0.9% of GDP to 2% of GDP in stages.

29. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components • Infrastructure • Class-rooms • Furniture • Toilets • Drinking Water • Laboratory • Library • Electricity • Phone and Internet • Sports facilities • Music Facilities • Repair and Maintenance

30. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Contd…… • Teachers • Recruitment • Deployment • Training • Teaching aids • ICT • Models • School budget

31. Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Contd…… • School Management • Headmasters’ capacity building • Management Committee • Involvement of local bodies • Supervision and monitoring • School inspection • Incentives for girls, SC/ST, minorities and rural students

32. Reforms in Secondary Education • Curriculum • Examination system • Teachers • School governance • Use of ICT

33. Current schemes of Govt. of India • ICT in Schools • Integrated Education for the Disabled Children • “SUCCESS” – Universalisation of Access to Secondary Education • Means-cum-Merit Scholarship • Incentive for Girls • Girls’ Hostel • Vocationalisation of Secondary Education

34. Expansion of Secondary Education: Some Issues • Ownership of State Governments and cost sharing • Coverage of classes XI and XII • Cost recovery and targeted subsidies • Private sector participation • Supply-side intervention to stimulate demand • Effect of demographic transition • Possibility of second shifts to reduce capital cost • Community contribution and involvement

35. Expansion of Secondary Education: Broad Goal • To universalize secondary education (class IX and X) during the 12th Five Year Plan

36. THANK YOU 36