Agree

1. “The fundamental principle behind Republican foreign policy during the years 1921 to 1933 was isolationism”. How far do you agree with this statement? Agree Strongly Agree You cannot sit on the fence! Disagree Strongly Disagree

2. “The fundamental principle behind Republican foreign policy during the years 1921 to 1933 was isolationism”. How far do you agree with this statement? P - I agree / disagree ….. (use a quantifier and respond to the ‘adjectival quantifier’ in the question) because….. (redefine - what kind of policy do you think they pursued in reality?) E - For example….. (be specific!) E - This ensured / allowed….. (How did it achieve US aims abroad?) L – However, without the aim of ….. then (weigh up) Turn to page 14 in your course guide. How can you approach answering a question like this? Attempt one PEEL

3. Task: • Use the key to identify the structure of the paragraph • Why is it difficult to distinguish between evidence and explanation? • What is the difference between the evidence you used at GCSE and now at A Level? • What ‘valid criteria’ is used to substantiate the judgement? • Highlight / underline any good phrases, connectives and facilitating words you can steal. • Predict the problems you will have in exams Challenge: What would the next paragraph address? Plan the PEEL.

4. Folder checksHoover HW

5. Homework (written answers):Has History been too hard on Hoover? Use the hand out: • What were Hoover’s core beliefs? p.12-13 • What were the strengths and weaknesses of Hoover’s policies 1929-1931? p.14 • What examples can you use to support Kennedy’s argument that Hoover’s 1932 programme laid the foundation for Roosevelt abandoning of laissez-faire? p.14-15 • How did Hoover mishandle the Bonus March? p.15 • Give examples to show how Hoover became the source of public ridicule/bad press p.15-16 • Has history been too hard on Hoover? p.16 Pages refer to Sanders In Search of the American Dream but also included to support your answers if you wish are those from the Pearson Edexcel textbook and Doug and Susan Willoughby’s The USA 1917-45. • Use pages 83-87 to explain how the ‘Wall Street Crash’ led to the ‘Great Depression’ (a flow chart or sequence of events). • FOLDER CHECK – use the checklist in your course guide.

6. Homework due Tuesday 16th October • Read Ch 20 of Foner’s Give Me Liberty! • Answer the ‘focus questions’ on the first page. You will need to write approximately a paragraph for each question. • You will probably need to read it 2-3 times to write comprehensive answers.

7. - What words does the song use in order to give the impression of how horrible the actions of the KKK were? - What impression of the actions of the KKK does the song give? What words or phrases support this idea? - What do you think the purpose of this song was and why? What might this tell you about how significant or important the impact of the KKK had on people? Strange Fruit Billie Holiday (1939) Southern trees bear strange fruitBlood on the leavesBlood at the rootBlack bodies swinging in the southern breezeStrange fruit hanging from the poplar treesPastoral scene of the gallant southThe bulging eyes and the twisted mouthThe scent of magnolia sweet and freshThen the sudden smell of burning fleshHere is a fruit for the crows to pluckfor the rain to gatherfor the wind to suckfor the sun to rotfor the tree to dropHere is a strange and bitter crop

8. How did black Americans fight for Civil Rights between 1917 and 1933? LOs: 1. To describe the social, political and economic position of black Americans 1861-1917 2. To support the impact of the Great Migration on race relations up to 1933. 3. To evaluate the success of early campaigns for civil rights.

9. Myth-busting about Civil Rights If you were asked the following about the Civil Rights Movement, what would you answer? • When did it start and end? • Why did it emerge? • Who did it involve? • What did it achieve? Task: The Master Narrative This time, use the extract to answer these questions. You might want to just label the points on the extract itself – 1, 2 3 and 4. Challenge: What are the problems with the definition of the Civil Rights Movement? Would this be useful to explain inequalities today?

10. Problem 1: Chronology – Revisionism and the ‘Long Civil Rights Movement’ Revisionists argue that the ‘master narrative’ simplifies the origins of the movement and its outcomes, when limiting the chronology from 1954 to 1968. How would this chronology limit our understanding? Who / what is excluded? Can you really answer question 2 from this extract, for example?

11. Problem 2: Top-down vs Bottom-up causation Revisionists argue that ‘master narrative’ excludes the role of grassroots activism in developing the leadership of the movement. Ella Baker “Martin didn’t make the movement, the movement made Martin” How would the focus on leadership (exclusively) limit our understanding? Does historical change occur through one factor? How is social consciousness achieved? Has everyone had the same political, social and economic experience? Can everyone follow the same route to freedom?

12. Which way forward will depend on a range of factors: socio-economic experience, location etc The peacefulapproach showed how respectable black people were. The more aggressive approach of the black power movement showed black people would no longer put up with violence against them and this no doubt scared some white people AND politicians in to action.

13. Why was this half time performance at the Super Bowl so controversial?

14. The ‘master narrative’ ‘The Long Civil Rights Movement’

15. 1861-1865: The US Civil War The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 aimed to bring man-power to the Union (North) to win a decisive victory. It also undermined the Southern economy, attacking their means of labour.

16. 180,000 Black Americans served in the American Civil War, including 10,000 in the navy; 37,000 black Americas lost their lives. On the whole, black Americans were limited to menial jobs or non-combatant roles, which explains why so many died from preventable diseases rather than in combat. The rationale for Lincoln was that their non-combatant role freed up white American soldiers to fight at the front. However, racist stereotyping meant that black American units were often commanded by the most talented officers, and were therefore most successful in battle.

18. Wrong….. 1865: Party time, right?

19. Task: For each card (in chronological order), decide whether it was: + = a step forward - = a step backwards Discuss: Look carefully at the difference between the steps forward and steps backwards in your cards: 1) What were the main steps forward for African Americans? 2) What were the main steps backwards for African Americans? 3) Were there any turning points that affected attitudes towards equality? 4) Overall, how much progress was made? 5) Which aspect of equality is missing from these examples? Challenge: How might Reconstruction have laid the foundations for later Civil Rights activism, particularly 1954-68? What was successfully established?

20. JIM CROW • “Jim Crow” was a song by a minstrel – someone who blackened their face and performed to crowds. It later became an offensive name for black people. • By their stereotypical depictions of blacks, they helped to popularize the belief that blacks were lazy, stupid, inherently less human, and unworthy of integration. • Jim Crow = An early 1830s’ comic, black-faced minstrel character developed by a white performing artist, a character very popular with white audiences. Segregation laws were known as ‘Jim Crow laws’ • De facto segregation = segregation as fact, whether by right/law or not • De jure segregation = segregation by right; supported by law Come listen all you galls and boys,I'm going to sing a little song,My name is Jim Crow.Weel about and turn about and do jis so,Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."

22. It’s 1867; in theory everyone can voteNot if you’re a woman(although as an active member of the black community you will probably see the vote as a communal one and act to help black men vote)However, there are 8 more ways in which black Americans were kept from votingAs we list the more creative ways of excluding African Americans from politics, think about how/if they might be able to resist this? Violence:Blacks who tried to vote were threatened, beaten, and killed.  Their families were also harmed.  Sometimes their homes were burned down.  Often, they lost their jobs or were thrown off their farms. Whites used violence to intimidate blacks and prevent them from even thinking about voting. Still, some blacks passed the requirements to vote and took the risk. Some whites used violence to punish those “uppity” people and show other blacks what would happen to them if they voted.

23. 2) Literacy tests: Today almost all adults can read.  One hundred years ago, however, many people – black and white – were illiterate.  Most illiterate people were not allowed to vote. A few were allowed if they could understand what was read to them.  White officials usually claimed that whites could understand what was read. They said blacks could not understand it, even if they could.

25. 3) Property tests: In the South one hundred years ago, many states allowed only property owners to vote.  Many blacks and whites had no property and could not vote.

26. 4) Grandfather clause: People who could not read and owned no property were allowed to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before 1867.  Of course, practically no blacks could vote before 1867, so the grandfather clause worked only for whites.

27. 5) All-white primary elections: In the United States, there are usually two rounds of elections: first the primary, then the general.  In the primary, Republicans run against Republicans and Democrats run against Democrats.  In the general election, the winner of the Republican primary runs against the winner of the Democratic primary.  The Republican or Democrat who gets the most votes is elected. In the South from about 1900 to about 1960, the Democratic candidates usually won. Republicans were almost never elected, especially in the Deep South.  This means that the Democratic primary election was usually the only election that mattered. African Americans were not allowed to vote in the Democratic primary elections.  White Democrats said the Democratic Party was a “club” and did not allow black members.  So blacks could not vote in the only elections that mattered.

28. 6) Purges: From time to time, white officials purged the voting rolls.  That means they took people’s names off the official lists of voters. Some voters would arrive at the polls and find that they were not registered to vote. Often they could not register to vote again until after the election.  Purges more often affected blacks than whites.

29. 7) Former prisoners: People who had gone to prison were often not allowed to vote.  Blacks were very often arrested on trumped-up charges or for minor offenses. Sometimes, white owners of mines, farms, and factories simply needed cheap labour, and prisons provided it. This law kept many more blacks from voting than whites.

30. 8) Poll taxes: In Southern states, people had to pay a tax to vote. The taxes were about $25 to $50 dollars in today’s money. Many people had extremely low incomes and could not afford this tax.  This poll tax applied to all people who wanted to vote – black and white.  There were ways for whites to get around other laws, but not around the poll tax.  Many poor whites could not vote because of the poll tax. So how had the gains of Reconstruction been undermined during the Jim Crow era? What was the position of black Americans by 1917? Would they still be living in the South? How might their life differ in the North?

31. What might be the impact of migration?

32. WHO – 5 million members by 1925; policemen, governors! HOW - Lynching activities, secret members, types of people the Klan hated, friends in high places. WHY – WASPS, Views on voting, views on God

33. Task: The Great Migration C/D = p. 19-23 A*-B = p. 55-63 What was the Great Migration? Give figures and dates. What were the causes of the Great Migration? Make a list of 3-4 push and pull factors (keep them specific but brief). What impact did the Great Migration have on race relations? Make sure you give figures and facts for each. Ghettoization The revival of the KKK Race riots (one example) Early campaigns for Civil Rights (Harlem Renaissance, Garveyism and the NAACP) Challenges: A: Wider reading – find additional examples. B: How and why were there so many divergent solutions as to which way forward during the early 1900s? C: How else might religious fundamentalism (WASPs) have an impact during the 1920s?

34. We work all day, we work all night We never learned to read or write We're happy-hearted roustabouts When other folks have gone to bed We slave until we're almost dead We're happy-hearted roustabouts We don't know when we get our pay And when we do, we throw our pay away (When we get our pay, we throw our money all away) … • "Keep on working / Stop that shirking / Pull that rope, you hairy ape." • The main crow's name is Jim Crow, hilariously named after the racial segregation laws. Additionally, the actors are all white men putting on their best black man voice. Yes, the beloved story of an elephant who learns to fly is just a dressed-up minstrel show. • The defence Disney super-fans give the characters is that they were the only ones who helped Dumbo. But just because they're nice doesn't mean it's not racist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3xc_RvJS1Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6c-bCSSKMo

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37. “”. How far do you agree with this statement? Agree Strongly Agree You cannot sit on the fence! Disagree Strongly Disagree

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45. 2:00 1:58 1:57 1:56 1:55 1:54 1:53 1:30 1:51 1:50 1:49 1:48 1:47 1:46 1:52 1:44 1:45 1:32 1:33 1:34 1:36 1:37 1:35 1:39 1:40 1:41 1:42 1:43 1:59 1:31 1:38 1:29 1:27 1:26 1:25 1:24 1:23 1:22 1:21 1:00 1:19 1:18 1:17 1:16 1:15 1:14 1:20 1:12 1:13 1:28 1:01 1:02 1:04 1:05 1:03 1:07 1:08 1:09 1:10 1:11 1:06 0:52 0:49 0:50 0:51 0:53 0:01 0:55 0:56 0:57 0:58 0:59 0:54 0:48 0:33 0:46 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:32 0:47 0:45 0:14 0:15 0:31 0:20 0:17 0:18 0:19 0:21 0:28 0:23 0:24 0:25 0:26 0:27 0:22 0:16 0:02 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:29 0:30 End

46. 2:00 1:58 1:57 1:56 1:55 1:54 1:53 1:30 1:51 1:50 1:49 1:48 1:47 1:46 1:52 1:44 1:45 1:32 1:33 1:34 1:36 1:37 1:35 1:39 1:40 1:41 1:42 1:43 1:59 1:31 1:38 1:29 1:27 1:26 1:25 1:24 1:23 1:22 1:21 1:00 1:19 1:18 1:17 1:16 1:15 1:14 1:20 1:12 1:13 1:28 1:01 1:02 1:04 1:05 1:03 1:07 1:08 1:09 1:10 1:11 1:06 0:52 0:49 0:50 0:51 0:53 0:01 0:55 0:56 0:57 0:58 0:59 0:54 0:48 0:33 0:46 0:44 0:43 0:42 0:41 0:40 0:39 0:38 0:37 0:36 0:35 0:34 0:32 0:47 0:45 0:14 0:15 0:31 0:20 0:17 0:18 0:19 0:21 0:28 0:23 0:24 0:25 0:26 0:27 0:22 0:16 0:02 0:13 0:12 0:11 0:10 0:09 0:08 0:07 0:06 0:05 0:04 0:03 0:29 0:30 End

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