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Unraveling DNA Structure: The Blueprint of Life

Discover the mind-blowing world of DNA - the fundamental molecule that shapes organisms' traits and stores genetic information. Learn about nucleotides, nitrogen bases, double helix structure, and the significance of sequencing in determining relationships between organisms.

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Unraveling DNA Structure: The Blueprint of Life

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  1. DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid

  2. DNA Structure

  3. What is DNA? • The information that determines an organisms traits. • Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next. • DNA produces proteins which gives it “The power” • Many things contain and are made of proteins. • Skin, hair, bones, etc are made of proteins.

  4. What is DNA? Cont’d • Enzymes are special proteins. • Enzymes control chemical reactions needed for life. • DNA contains all the information for making all and any proteins for human life.

  5. DNA Structure: • DNA is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides. • Nucleotides have three parts: • Simple sugar • Phosphate group • Nitrogen base

  6. 1 Nucleotide Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base Sugar (Deoxyribose)

  7. DNA Structure • The simple sugar is called deoxyribose. • The phosphate group is made of phosphate and oxygen.

  8. DNA Structure • Four possible Nitrogen Bases: • Thymine (T) • Adenine (A) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G)

  9. DNA “Backbone” • Nucleotides join together to form long chains. • The phosphate group of one nucleotide joins together with the deoxyribose sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. “Teeth”

  10. DNA • Nitrogen bases pair up • Adenine & Thymine (A-T) • Cytosine & Guanine (C-G) Complementarybases

  11. Watson & Crick and Franklin, 1953 • Rosalind Franklin is the first one to see the DNA • Watson and Crick Proposed DNA is put together like a “twisted zipper” • DNA = 2 chains of nucleotides joined by nitrogen bases

  12. Watson & Crick, 1953Double Helix • Double = DNA has two strands • Helix = twisted like a spring, “spiral”

  13. Importance of Sequencing • The sequence of the four different nucleotides determines what organism is created. • For instance: T-A-A-G-C-A is different than A-G-C-A-A-G • Another example: E-A-R-T-H is different than H-E-A-R-T vs.

  14. Importance of Sequencing • The more similar the order of nucleotides are, the closer the relationship between 2 organisms

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