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Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease

Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease. The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease. Microbiology. Explores microscopic organisms that include: Viruses Bacteria protozoa Parasites Fungi Algae. Is It Alive. Microbes include a wide variety of organisms.

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Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease

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  1. Comparing Microbes Microbes and Infectious Disease The who, what, when, and how of microbes and infectious disease.

  2. Microbiology • Explores microscopic organisms that include: Viruses Bacteria protozoa Parasites Fungi Algae

  3. Is It Alive • Microbes include a wide variety of organisms. • Scientists use a set of criteria to constitute what is a living organism. • Composed of cells • Perform certain chemical process such as growth and digestion • Reproduce • Make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients from environment • Respond to a stimuli such as light and touch

  4. Types of Microbes (3 types, these are also called Pathogens) • Viruses – Have to have a host to survive/reproduce • Bacteria – Do not need a host to survive/reproduce, most can survive without oxygen • Parasites – Feed off of a host, usually harms the host. Does not need the host to reproduce Mosquito – Parasite (can carry malaria)

  5. Viruses • Microscopic organisms that get inside a healthy cell and often destroy the cell. • Many viruses cause diseases such as the common cold, flu, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). • A virus CANNOT live or function on its own, it requires a host – a living thing the virus/parasite lives on or in. • Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses - Rest and fluids recommended. Vaccine or anti – viral drug is used. Avian Flu Virus

  6. Viruses continued • Most widespread illnesses among humans. • Range from mild fevers to some forms of cancer • Several other severe and fatal diseases. • Transmission can be by: human contact, through water or a bite.

  7. Bacteria(Also known as a Prokaryotes) • Unicellular • Can live in variety of places, with oxygen, without oxygen, extreme hot or cold. • Living (do not need a host to survive) • Have three basic shapes

  8. Bacteria (con’t) • Many diseases caused by bacteria are contagious/infectious • Bacterial diseases can be treated with an antibiotic. • Some bacterial diseases are Strep throat, sinus infections, tuberculosis Streptococcus

  9. What happens if we over use antibiotics? • What is created from the overuse of antibiotics?

  10. Parasites • A parasite is an organism that gets its food from another living organism (a host) • Lives either on or in the host. • Parasites can come in the form of a protists, fungi or tiny invertebrates. • Parasites cause diseases such as malaria, athlete’s foot, elephantiasis, etc. • Natural selection favors adaptations that allow the parasite to efficiently exploit its host.

  11. Protist & Fungi(Are Parasites) • Protists such as and amoeba can cause African Sleeping Sickness • Fungi – Eczema, Athlete’s Foot

  12. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Most are multicellular heterotrophs. • Adapt to its environment • Attack the tissues of living plants and animals and cause disease. • Major concern for humans: not only food sources becoming a competitor for nutrients from the food. • Mold spores – airborne and have allergic reaction

  13. Mutagens • Are substances that causes a person’s cells to mutate, or change form • Examples of mutagens: X-rays, cigarette smoke, even sunlight • Sunlight causes skin cells to change/mutate which may cause skin cancer.

  14. Mouth Cancer caused by the use of tobacco products http://notobacco.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/mouth_cancer2.jpg

  15. Skin Cancer possibly caused by exposure to sunlight www.drsidle.com/procedures/skin_cancer.html

  16. How Infectious Disease Spreads • Vectors – transmit a pathogen from a host to a new organism. Ex: mosquito bites animal infected with malaria and then bites a person • Carrier – An organism that passes diseases to others even though they may not feel sick. A human with HIV can transmit HIV virus to another human being even if they do not show any symptoms.

  17. Infectious Diseases • Diseases that can be passed from one living thing to another. • May also be caused by animal parasites, which may be in intestines, blood or tissues. • Transmitted by coughing, sneezing, direct or indirect contact. • Examples: Flu, cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, STD’s • Avian Flu (H5N1) – Person contacts an infected bird. Not passed person to person.

  18. Non-Infectious Disease • Usually develop due to a mutation in the DNA or from lifestyle choices. • Examples (DNA): Cancer, MS(multiple sclerosis), MD (muscular dystrophy), Cystic Fibrosis • Examples of lifestyle choices: Smoking, drinking, taking drugs. These can lead to cancer, liver disease, and immune disorders.

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