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HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS

HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS. Erythropoietin. EPO has now been identified as a glycoprotein Molecular mass of about 30,000 Daltons . It has a 165 amino acid chain with four oligosaccharide side chains

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HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS

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  1. HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS

  2. Erythropoietin • EPO has now been identified as a glycoprotein • Molecular mass of about 30,000 Daltons. • It has a 165 amino acid chain with four oligosaccharide side chains • It circulates in the blood plasma at a very low concentration (about 5 pmol/L).

  3. EPO is produced primarily by peritubular cells in the kidneys • Its production is stimulated by low oxygen levels in the blood. • EPO is also produced by the liver, which is the primary source in the fetus.

  4. What exactly does erythropoietin (EPO) do? • Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. The resultant rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

  5. As the prime regulator of red cell production, EPO's major functions are 1.Promote the development of red blood cells. 2.Initiate the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule within red cells that transports oxygen

  6. EPOETIN α & EPOETIN  • Synthetic preparations of erythropoietin. • Recombinant DNA technology. • Therapeutic human erythropoietin was initially isolated and purified from urine in 1977 . • In1983, the gene coding for erythropoietin was identified by Fu-Kuen Lin. • They are clear, colorless liquid that must be kept refrigerated . • EPO is generally injected SC/IV.

  7. Clinical uses of Epoetin 1. Anaemia during cancer chemotherapy • Erythropoietin is dosed in units per kilogram of body weight, starting at 150 units per kilograms of body weight administered three times per week. This dosage can be increased to 300 units per kilogram of body weight three times per week.

  8. 2. Anaemia of chronic renal failure Erythropoietin starting dose is 50-100 units per kilogram of body weight three times a week 3. To Treat AIDS Patients on the Drug Zidovudine Erythropoietin starting dose is 100 units per kilogram of body weight three times per week for 8 weeks. This would be adjusted based on blood counts and patient response.

  9. 4. Prevention of Anaemia in premature infants 5. Anaemia of chronic inflammatory conditions 6. To Treat Patients Prior to Surgery

  10. Erythropoietin as a blood doping agent • Used as blood doping agent by healthy athletes to gain a competitive advantage. • By increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood it increases the aerobic respiratory capacity of the muscles. • It is considered to be especially valuable in multi-stage bicycle races, where it can offset the decrease in red blood cells that occurs over several weeks of racing.

  11. Adverse Effects • Pain or burning at the site of the injection • Diarrhoea and swelling • Fever, nausea and vomiting,fatigue, shortness of breath, and weakness. • Hypertension • Encephalopathy with headache • Disorientation • Convulsions

  12. COLONY STIMULATING FACTORS

  13. FILGRASTIM • Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor [GCSF] • Recombinant DNA technology • Act by stimulating the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils • Treatment of Neutropenia • Route  SC/IV injection • Hypotension,dysuria,disturbances in the serum levels of uric acid & liver enzymes

  14. MOLGRASTIM • Human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor [ GM-CSF] • Stimulates proliferation of hemopoietic progenitors • Stimulates myelopoiesis • Treatment of patients with Hodgkin’s , Non- Hodgkin’s disease & Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia who are undergoing bone marrow transplantation after high dose chemotherapy

  15. Adjuvant Haematinics • Cobalt • Pyridoxine • Riboflavin • Copper

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