AP Super Saturday Review

1. AP Super Saturday Review

2. A.P. Government Exam Information • 2 hours and 25 minutes • 60 MC questions – 45 minutes • 4 FRQ’s – 100 minutes - One FRQ will almost be stimulus based (cartoon, chart, graph, etc.)

3. Scoring • MC – 1 point for every correct response • ADVICE – be certain to answer the questions you know first! If you come across a question and you are “stuck” move on and come back when time remains. • Use test taking strategies – try and eliminate at LEAST one answer, take educated guesses, etc. • There is no deduction for incorrect responses, therefore answer every question, it can not HURT you!

4. Scoring • 4 Frq’s – 50% of total grade • While each FRQ may have a different point value (4, 5, 6, etc.) each are weighted equally. • Under no circumstances should you SKIP any FRQ. • If you do not know the full answer, answer what you know and try to convince the reader to give you at least partial credit. • Each FRQ should take approximately 25 minutes – that is plenty of time, use it!

5. Test Day • Tuesday, 5-15 from 8-12 in the school auditorium • While you should know this, please bring - multiple pencils and erasers - a black pen for writing (black is easier to read) - a watch (no alarms or beeps allowed though)

6. PLEASE REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING • No cell phones, ipods, or other electronic devices allowed. A violation will result in your test not being scored and could result in invalidation of other exams • If you bring water or a snack please put your name on the items you bring – they will be collected at the start and returned to you during the break!

7. The night before the test….. • Get a good nights sleep • Study/skim your key notes and worksheets – this would be a great time to review your “Gotta Knows” worksheets, double check some vocabulary, etc. • Focus in on the things you really struggle with – if you know Unit 1, spend a few minutes refreshing then MOVE ON • Try and watch the news or do something government related to keep your mind sharp

8. The day of • PLEASE eat a good breakfast – you do not want to be distracted during the test because your stomach is growling or you feel weak, light headed, dizzy, etc.

9. Content • Unit 1 – Constitutional Underpinnings 5-15% • Unit 2 – Beliefs and Behaviors 5-15% • Unit 3 – Linkage Groups 10-20% • Unit 4 – Government Institutions 30-45% • Unit 5 – Civil Rights/Civil Liberties 5-15% • Unit 6 – Public Policy 5-15%

10. This PowerPoint…. A guide, not fully developed content A good review the night before/morning of Vague and general Should NOT be the only thing you study You CAN and SHOULD add notes in the notes section Disclaimer – may contain multiple typo’s, less than desired format, and fragmented information – focus on the concepts and terms, not structure!

11. Unit 1 – Constitutional Underpinnings Democratic - Government depends on the consent of the people - Indirect Democracy instead of Direct – why?

12. Additional Theories • Elitist Theory – a small select group rules, usually in their own self interest • Bureaucratic Theory – the many bureaucratic agencies carry out the workings of the government • Pluralist Theory – many groups compete for power with no one dominant group existing

13. Influences • John Locke – social contract • English heritage - Magna Carta – limited government - English Bill of Rights - Petition of Rights

14. Establishing our Govenrment • Mayflower Compact • French-Indian War (creates conflict with British over taxes) • Continental Congress • Revolution • Articles of Confederation • Constitutional Convention - slavery, representation, Great Compromise, Federalists, Anti-Federalists.

15. The Constitution Federalists Anti-Federalists • A.O.C. was to weak • Needed a stronger central government • Checks and balances would prevent tyranny • Reserved powers for states • No Bill of Rights need • Fearful of tyranny and oppression that strong government could bring • Need the Bill of Rights • More power to the states

16. The Constitution - Priniciples • Limited Government • Popular Sovereignty • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances • Federalism • Rule of Law

17. Amending the Constitution • Congress and state legislatures ratify new ammendment • State legislatures call for a national convention and then state legislatures ratify • Informal - Judicial Review - Social and culture changes

18. Federalism • Expressed powers v. implied powers • Elastic Clause • Expressed powers v. reserved powers (10th amendment) • C0ncurrent powers • Denied powers • Importance of McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden

19. Federalism • Dual – Layer cake • Cooperative – marble cake • Devolution • Fiscal Federalism – grants (categorical v. block) mandates (funded v. unfunded)

20. Unit II – Political Beliefs/Behaviors (10-20%)

21. Political Culture • American Political Culture - Majority rule/minority rights - Equality/equity - Private property - individual freedom - economic freedom/competition - Limited government

22. Political Socialization • School • Family • Friends • Media • Family is probably the most important, but “to each their own”

23. Political Ideology • Liberal • Totalitarian • Conservative • Libertarian • Radical and Reactionary

24. Public Opinion • Polls • If done right… - random sample - unbiased language - small margin of error - multiple answer choices Problems - intensity - lack of knowledge - not enough answer choices

25. Unit III – Linkage Groups (Political Parties, Interest Groups, PACS, Media) 10%-20%

26. Political Parties • Two Party Tradition (British roots, Federalists v. Anti-Federalist) • Electoral system (single member districts)

27. Party Tradition • Party development (1789-1800) • Democratic Domination (1800-1860) • Republican Domination (1860-1932) • Democratic returns (1932-1968) • Divided/Split (1968-present) • Dealignment – voters split from party • Realignment - new coalition of parties form

28. Third Parties • Ideological (Communist, Socialist, Libertarian) • Splinter/personality/factional (Bull Moose, Progressive) • Single Issue (Free soil, Prohibition, Populist)

29. Voting and Elections Voting – first Tuesday after the first Monday in November Caucus Primaries (open and closed) General election Other types (recall, referendum, initiative) Disenfranchisement – how and why did it change?

30. Why don’t people vote? Multiple elections (federal, state, local) Apathy Mistrust of officials Lack of knowledge Little political efficacy

31. So who does vote? Educated Older Married Religious Those active in the community

32. Electing the President LONG (really LONG) process Exploration, announce intent to run, campaign, primaries and caucus, national convention, general election, electoral college

33. Electing the President 270 electoral votes needed to win # determined by state population If no winner gets 270 electoral votes, the H.O.R. decides

34. Interest Groups Functions – represent people with similar interest, provide information to those people, also try to “lobby” politicians Offer people benefits for joining, especially those that provide a “collective” good Different types - Economic (Labor, NEA) - Specific goals (NAACP, Sierra Club, NRA, MADD)

35. Strategies of Interest Groups Lobbying, grassroots lobbying, , litagition, using the media, fundraising (PACS)

36. The Mass Media Development – has been around throughout American history but has become much more influential since the age of TV Roles – informs, shapes, watchdog, agenda setting, gate keepers Regulations – FCC (structure, content, technical) President/Congress – use to reach out to the public. President and Speaker of House use the media most to get their messages out

37. Unit IV – Linkage Institutions(30-45%)

38. Unit IV - Institutions This is the most tested area of the exam. Fortunately the information from this unit is looked at throughout most of the other units. PLEASE do not just assume that if you know the basic information about the 3 branches of government that you are good to go, this unit goes much deepers

39. The Legislative Branch Article I Bicameral House – population, Senate - equality Qualifications Powers (implied v. expressed) Serve as - policy makers - representatives of citizens - representatives of political parties Should they serve us or do what they think is best for the country?

40. The Legislative Branch Most work occurs in committees (standing, select, joint, conference) Speaker of House is most powerful member, followed by majoirty and minority leaders The law making process is very long and drawn out (be sure to review the steps) Tactics used include filibusters (ended by cloture) log rolling, pork barrel legislation, riders.

41. Influences on the Legislative Branch Constituents Fellow lawmakers Political party The President The media The almighty dollar Lobbyist/Interest Groups

42. The Executive Branch Article II Qualifications (formal v. informal) Powers (formal v. informal) 2 term limit (22nd amendment) Succession established in 23rd amendment Impeachment process (house brings, senate tries) NOT directly elected by the people (electoral college)

43. The Bureaucracy Red Tape Independent executive agencies (NASA) Independent regulatory agencies ( the FED) Government corporations (AMTRAK, Post office) Characterized by - hierarchical authority - job specialization - formal rules

44. Checks on the Bureaucracy Appointments Funding Judicial review Congressional oversight (hearings, investigations)

45. The Judicial Branch Judicial review SCOTUS – life term (good behavior) Selection process (party affiliation, philosophy, race, gender, prior rulings, etc) Judicial activism v. Judicial restraint Least accountable to the citizens Writ of Cert. Precedent (stare decisis) Rule of Four Different types of opinions (majority, dissenting, concurring)

46. The Judicial Branch Civil v. Criminal cases Jurisdiction (original v. appellate) Levels of courts (District, Court of Appeals, State) Key vocabulary -writ of habeas corpus ex post facto laws Bill of attainder Incorporation Selective incorporation Due process

47. The Judicial Branch • Bill of Rights • - fundamental freedoms (speech, religion, press, etc) • -Protection for those accused of crime (due process, legal counsel, trial by jury, no cruel and unusual punishment, etc.)

48. Unit V – Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (5-15%)

49. Civil Liberties • Freedoms found in the Bill of Rights • Rights of the accused and due process • 14th amendment and incorporation • Court case graphic organizer

50. Civil Rights • History of Discrimination (Slavery, Reconstruction amendments, Jim Crow Laws, Civil Rights Movement) • Important court cases (Plessy, Brown, Bakke) • Key vocabulary – affirmative action