AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation, 1783-1815

1. Overview Of The Constitution AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation, 1783-1815

2. Goals Of The Constitution

3. Goals Of The ConstitutionOrigins • Found in the preamble of the Constitution. • Announced why the Constitution was to replace the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution http://lawlibnews.blog.asu.edu/files/2007/09/constitution_quill_pen.jpg/

4. Goals Of The ConstitutionThe Goals • Establish justice. • National courts are needed to interpret and judge the laws. • Creates one system of justice. • Ensure domestic tranquility. • In response to Shays' Rebellion and interstate conflicts over trade and crime. • Provides the federal government with the authority to preserve the peace. American Eagle Seal Of The United States http://www.uwec.edu/freitard/GroupAndMinority/Charlotte/Issues/eagle.bmp

5. Goals Of The ConstitutionThe Goals • Provide for common defense. • Strong armed forces are important to a nation's foreign policy. • Provides Congress the power to raise and support an army and navy. Seal Of The U.S. Army http://www.ushistory.org/betsy/images/armyseal.jpg

6. Goals Of The ConstitutionThe Goals • Promote the general welfare. • Provide for the well-being of the all the people by collecting taxes and setting aside money for programs to benefit society. • Secure the blessings of Liberty. • The freedom to live as you please as long as you obey the laws and respect the rights of others. Statue Of Liberty http://www.iec-okc.com/portals/0/ProjGalleryImages/Statue_of_Liberty.jpg

7. Five Principles Of The Constitution

8. Five PrinciplesPopular Sovereignty • Defined. • The people rule through a social contract with the government. • A representative government in which people elect public officials in free and frequent elections. Original Thirteen States http://www.teachnet.ie/jheffernan/2005/images/american-revolution-map.gif

9. Five PrinciplesGovernment’s Power Should Be Limited • Fearful of tyranny, the first government under the Articles of Confederation was deliberately made too weak. • Written in a Constitution, certain rights are guaranteed. The Constitution http://www.realtyworld-barnes.com/resources/constitution-01.gif/

10. Five PrinciplesFederalism Results In A Sharing Of Power • Defined. • Power is broken up between the central and state governments. • Powers of the federal government are clearly stated in Article I, Section 10. • Powers reserved to the states are found in Article I and in the 10th Amendment. Federalism http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/democracy/images/4federalism.jpg

11. Five PrinciplesSeparation Of Powers • Creates three branches of the federal government, each having its own powers. • Legislative---Make the laws. • Executive---Enforce the laws. • Judicial---Interpret the laws. Separation Of Powers http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/separation_powers600g50.gif

12. Five PrinciplesChecks & Balances • Each branch is to check the powers of the other branches. Three Branches Of Government http://www.usconsulate.org.hk/pas/kids/images/branches.jpg

13. Five PrinciplesChecks & Balances: Legislative (Congress) • CHECKS ON POWER. • President can veto laws. • Supreme Court can rule that laws are unconstitutional. • POWERS. • Passes laws, taxes, and money bills. • Override a veto with 2/3 vote. • Approves Supreme Court appointments. • Raises and supports armed forces. • Declares war. • Sets standard weights and measures. • Regulates foreign and interstate commerce.

14. Five PrinciplesChecks & Balances: Executive (President) • CHECKS ON POWER. • Congress can override vetoes. • Congress can impeach the president and other high officials. • Senate approves Presidential appointments. • POWERS. • Carry out the laws. • May propose or veto laws. • Conducts foreign policy. • Can grant pardons or reprieves. • Prepares the budget. • Appoints Supreme Court judges and other officials. • Serves as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

15. Five PrinciplesChecks & Balances: Judicial (Federal Courts) • CHECKS ON POWER. • Congress can propose an amendment to the Constitution to change the laws. • Congress can refuse to approve presidential appointments. • POWERS. • Interprets the laws. • Rules on the constitutionality of laws.

16. A Living Document

17. Living DocumentAmendments • Extremely hard process to amend the Constitution. • Results in only 27 amendments in over 225 years. School House Rock! Bill http://www.postdiluvian.org/~gilly/Schoolhouse_Rock/pix/bill.jpg

18. Living DocumentKey Amendments: Bill Of Rights • First ten amendments. • Includes freedom of speech, the press, religion, assembly, the right to bear arms, protection from unreasonable search and seizure, trial by jury, and more. Bill Of Rights http://www.corliss-lamont.org/tbor-prt.gif

19. Living DocumentKey Amendments: Civil War Amendments • Amendments 13-15. • Ended slavery, guaranteed slaves citizenship and equal rights, and guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race. 13th Amendment: Emancipation http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/13th.jpg

20. Living DocumentKey Amendments: Nineteenth Amendment • Extended the right to vote to women. Women’s Suffrage March http://www.photosofoldamerica.com/webart/large/133.jpg

21. Living DocumentLanguage & Tradition • The Elastic Clause. • Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. • Allowed Congress to stretch its powers to pass laws to change with society. • Commerce Clause. • Article I, Section 8, Clause 3. • Regulate trade with other nations and between states. • Allows the laws to keep pace with technological and economical changes. The Elastic Clause http://www.smackshopping.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/rubber%20band%20ball.jpg

22. Living DocumentLanguage & Tradition • Increased the power of the executive branch. • Creation of a Cabinet to head the different departments. • National emergencies increase the leadership role of the President. Washington’s First Cabinet: Knox, Hamilton, Jefferson, & Randolph http://www.gwu.edu/~ffcp/exhibit/p5/p5_9Large.jpg

23. Living DocumentLanguage & Tradition • Judicial review. • Established in Mabury v. Madison by John Marshall. • An interpretation of Article III, Section 2. • Allows the Supreme Court the right to decide whether a law violates the Constitution. John Marshall http://www.constitution.org/img/john_marshall_1824_peticolas.jpg

24. Responsibilities Of Citizens

25. ResponsibilitiesOf The Citizen • Learn about your rights. • Respect the rights of others. • Express your views. Norman Rockwell’s Freedom Of Speech http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/adc/10231137A~Freedom-Of-Speech-Posters.jpg

26. ResponsibilitiesOf The Citizen • Stay informed about community and national issues. • Vote. Rock The Vote http://neillfamily.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/rock-the-vote.gif

27. ResponsibilitiesOf The Citizen • Obey the laws. • Serve on juries. Norman Rockwell’s The Jury Room http://publish.pdesigner.com/Stone4Defense/Graphics/Library/juryroom_norman.jpg

28. ResponsibilitiesOf The Citizen • Volunteer. • Defend the nation when called upon. Norman Rockwell’s The Red Cross Volunteer http://www.norman-rockwell.info/image/Thumbs/t_RedCrossVolunteer.jpg