AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation

1. Articles of Confederation AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation

2. America after the Revolution • Growth of Nationalism. • Defined. • Pride in or devotion to one’s country. • Unlike other revolutions, nationalism develops during the conflict with Britain, but not before it. • Common sacrifices, experiences, and battles help to solidify America. The Spirit of ‘76 http://www.fifedrum.org/webring/spiritof76_medium.jpg

3. America after the Revolution • Colonists think of themselves as a separate society. • Distinct from Europe based on society, economics, and attitudes. • No landed nobility, no kings, and a belief in the equality of man. • More educated and liberal. • Many come from the middle-class. Benjamin Franklin http://www.synthstuff.com/mt/archives/ben_franklin.jpg

4. America after the Revolution • Local ties remain predominant. • Most Americans still consider themselves as citizens of their states, not as Americans. • Belief that the sovereignty of the state was more important than that of the power of the central government. • Would prove to be a problem later. Map of the 13 Colonies http://www.gibbs-smith.com/textbooks/downloads/13colonies/map.gif

5. America after the Revolution • United in name only. • Issues included: • Western land claims. • Slavery. • Issues with foreign nations and Indians. • Prewar and postwar debts of individual states. • Merchants and producers vs. agriculture. • Interstate trade. Second Continental Congress http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/images/committ.jpg

6. The Articles of ConfederationOrigins • First attempt at creating laws for our national government. Written by John Dickinson Articles of Confederation http://www.constitutioncenter.org/timeline/flash/assets/asset_upload_file755_11927.jpg

7. The Articles of ConfederationOrigins • Ratification required by all thirteen states, would not be finalized until 1781. John Dickinson http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/Instructional/Resources/ConstitutionDay/FoundersGallery/dickinson.jpg

8. The Articles of ConfederationKey Rights in the Articles • Each state receives one vote regardless of size. • Limits to national power are contained in Article 2. • “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” • No right to tax individuals or states. • Relied on the states for yearly contributions. • Major weakness of the United States under the Articles of Confederation.

9. The Articles of ConfederationPowers of Congress • Declare war. • Make treaties. • Establish a postal system. • Coin and borrow money. • Regulate Indian affairs. • Unicameral legislature. (1 House) Articles of Confederation http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/constitution/images/fig2.jpg

10. The Articles of ConfederationProcess for Enacting Laws • One state, one vote. • 9 of 13 needed to approve laws. • No process for amendment. US Territory in the Articles of Confederation http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/state_cessions.jpg

11. The Articles of ConfederationExecutive Powers • No separate executive branch. • President appointed by Congress. • Has no true power. Samuel Huntington, First President of the Confederation http://www.huntington.tierranet.com/bios/images/sam4.gif

12. The Articles of ConfederationJudicial Powers • None provided for a national government. • Only state courts have judicial power. • Creates chaos. Lady Justice http://www.co.yuma.az.us/LD/graphics/ladyjustice260_570-2.gif

13. The Articles of ConfederationState Powers • States retain all powers not specifically granted to Congress in the Articles. Patrick Henry http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/0/25/henry_1_lg.gif

14. Triumph of the ArticlesLand Ordinance of 1785 • Divided up and provided the Western lands for sale by the federal government. • Ensured orderly development of the West. • Provided a simplified plan for dealing with frontier defense. • Set aside land in each new township for the building of schools. Draft of the Land Ordinance http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/767.jpg

15. Triumph of the ArticlesNorthwest Ordinance • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, set down into law how new states would be admitted into the Union. Northwest Territory http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/9/9e/Northwest-territory-usa-1787.png

16. Triumph of the ArticlesNorthwest Ordinance • When 60,000 people settled into one of the political subdivisions, the territory could petition Congress to become a state. • Slavery is prohibited. • People living in the territories are to be considered citizens of the United States and not treated as second-class citizens. Northwest Ordinance http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/northwest.gif

17. Problems Under the ArticlesBorder Problems with Britain & Spain • Spain and Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. • Spain captures American territory (the city of Natchez). • Closes the Mississippi River to American commerce, hurting Western farmers. • France regains control from Spain in 1800 through a treaty. Spanish Louisiana Regiment http://www.somosprimos.com/sp2005/spoct05/Louisianasoldiers..JPG

18. Problems Under the ArticlesForeign Trade • Was excluded from the British imperial trade union. • Policy of mercantilism still exists, Britain shifts its focus on its other colonies. • Merchants in New England suffer because they cannot participate in trade. • British merchants flood American markets with cheap goods. • Creates a depression in America as many domestic industries fold. Seal of the British East India Company http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/gallery/East-West/images/India_04_obv.gif

19. Problems Under the ArticlesShays’ Rebellion • Massachusetts legislature is determined to pay its debt by collecting back taxes, seizing the land of debtors, and sending people to prison. • Poor western farmers organize under war veteran Daniel Shays and forcibly prevent courts from holding sessions. • Impact: Many Americans feel that the nation is on the brink of collapse. Shays’ Rebellion http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Shays.jpg

20. Merit Point Question #1 • The measure passed by the Confederation Congress prohibiting slavery in the Western territories above the Ohio River was the A. Northwest Ordinance. B. Treaty of Paris of 1783. C. Articles of Confederation. D. Homestead Act. E. Proclamation of 1763.

21. Merit Point Question #2 • The group most likely to approve of the Articles of Confederation would be A. former officers in the Continental army. B. those who feared strong central government. C. those who held U. S. government securities. D. bankers, merchants, and financiers. E. those who feared the dangers of unrestrained democracy.

22. Merit Point Question #3 • One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation was A. their lack of an adequate mechanism for Congress to force states to comply with its decisions. B. their focus on the separation of powers within the federal branch of government. C. their failure to adequately curb the powers of the executive branch of government. D. their failure to provide women and free blacks with the right to vote. E. their strict tax collections provisions.