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The Global South

The Global South. The Global South. Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles GS Economic Development Tactics. Who is the Global South?. 5 categories Of GS countries. 5 Categories of GS Countries. 1. Emerging Markets Who are they? Growth

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The Global South

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  1. The Global South

  2. The Global South Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles GS Economic Development Tactics

  3. Who is the Global South? 5 categories Of GS countries

  4. 5 Categories of GS Countries 1. Emerging Markets • Who are they? • Growth • Greater % of people =middle class (>$10/day) http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15172941

  5. 5 Categories of GS Countries 2. Countries in Transition (CITs) • Central and Eastern European (East bloc Soviet satellites) • Former Soviet Republics (FSRs) • Growth rates differ

  6. 5 Categories of GS Countries 3. Quasi-states • Not self-sufficient • 138 of 194 states= 71% are quasi-states http://geocurrents.info/economic-geography/a-global-northsouth-division-in-the-demic-framework

  7. 5 Categories of GS Countries 4. Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) • US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$46,500 • Average GDP per capita of LLDCs at $750 • Burundi , Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita 5. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) • 40 countries, with 29 of those located in sub-Saharan Africa • Debt relief- HIPCs qualify • 36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B • Reliance on single cash crops • Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports

  8. Global Institutions & the GS

  9. Global Institutions & the GS • MNCs • IGOs • IMF • WB • GATT WTO • OECD • G8 now G20 • NGOs • Representation by GS • Representation on behalf of GS

  10. Development Hurdles

  11. Development Hurdles • Colonization; Neocolonialism • Primary v. manufactured goods • Price volatility • Lack of national unity • Accrued debts in 1960s and 1970s • Lack autonomy over debt management

  12. Development Hurdles • Promoting sustainable development • Sustainable development expectations • Currency instability • Market isolation; lack of market integration • Need more trade liberalization • Political stability • Infrastructure & institutions • Gender equality • Corruption • Economic sanctions

  13. Development Hurdles • Reliance on GN • Foreign Aid • Technology • FDI • Employment • Remittances • China, India, Mexico, Philippines • Conflicting interests with GN • Self-interested actors

  14. Development Hurdles • Income Inequality • Development income equality • More developed greater equality • Less developed lesser equality • Map on next slide • Stark exception is US • Brazil: 10% control 51% of wealth • Mexico & Argentina: 10% control 42% of wealth • http://en.mercopress.com/2010/03/27/gap-between-rich-and-poor-in-latinamerica-is-largest-in-the-world-says-un

  15. Income Inequality http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gini_Coefficient_World_CIA_Report_2009.png

  16. Development Hurdles • Income Inequality (cont.) • Lower income inequality = higher growth rates • Consequences of income inequality • Fewer people with resource access • Economic opportunities tied to political stability • More susceptible to corruption • Limited tax base to support government • http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/chapter5.html

  17. GS Development Tactics Internal & External Policy Strategies

  18. GS Development Tactics Internal Policy Strategies Import substitution Nationalization of industries Establishing cartels Protectionism

  19. GS Development Tactics External Policy Strategies • Regional IGOs (ASEAN, Mercosur, SADC, SAARC, etc) • International IGOs (Group of 77 {132}, NAM, UNCTAD, etc) • International pressure • Monetary reforms • Trade reforms • Development • Economic sovereignty • Economic aid

  20. Recap

  21. The Global South Who is the GS? Global Institutions & the GS Development Hurdles GS Economic Development Tactics

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