Development and the Global South

1. Development and the Global South AP Comparative Government & Politics

2. What is a slum? • Make a list or write a description of - what is a slum?

3. What is a Slum? • According to the UN… • Poor quality of housing • Lack of clean water • Overcrowding • Inadequate sanitation • Insecure tenure • Could be removed at any moment/don’t have proof of ownership

4. Watch • NewsHour: Dharavi • Journey Man: Dharavi • Brazil • Identify – as best as you can – the 5 characteristics of slums. • Why does this slum exist? Does it serve a purpose? • Why does the government want to relocate folks? • What does the existence of slums imply about a country?

5. Who lives in Slums? • 43% of citizens in developing countries • 78% of citizens in the least developed countries • 6% in developed countries

6. Let’s Do A Little Investigating • Use the Places We Live website to learn more about life in slums • http://www.theplaceswelive.com/ • Caracas, Venezuela • Kibera, Nairobi • Jakarta, Indonesia • Use Slum Stories • www.slumstories.org/episodes • Brazil: It’s not better and it’s not the same • Questions to address: • Describe the living conditions of your slum. • Why does this slum exist? What purpose does it serve? • What does the existence of this slum imply about the country? • What issues is this slum experiencing?

7. Can We Draw Any Conclusions? Use Jacob Riis photographs to investigate NYC in the late 19th century and • http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma01/davis/photography/images/riisphotos/slideshow1.html A brief history to answer the questions below. • http://www.history.com/topics/tenements • Questions to address: • What parallels, if any, can you make between NYC tenements and the slum you investigated? • Explain any correlations or causations you can deduce from your investigations into modern slums, development, history, etc.

8. Slum Conditions • Crime • Poverty • Disease • Prostitution • Drug and Alcohol Abuse • Denial of Rights • Forced Evictions • Poor Access to Education • No Police Protection • Little Political Representation

9. Water • Few slums have piped water • Often carried from somewhere of distance • 5-10% of income is commonly spent on clean water

10. Sanitation • 57% of urban Africans lack access to basic sanitation • 11% of poor neighborhoods in Manila • 18% of poor neighborhoods in Dhaka – capital of Bangladesh

11. What causes slums? • Rapid rural to urban migration • Decline of agricultural jobs • Migration to cities in search of wage labor • Cities are growing rapidly • 32% of urban dwellers now live in slums • 1 billion people worldwide • 2 billion slum dwellers projected for 2040 • Mega-agglomerations of “illegal” squatters • Located on the fringes of large cities Due to industrialization? Due to globalization?

12. Primate City • Large city concentrating a high degree of the national population • The economic, political, and social “center” of a country • Paris • Typical of developing countries where all growth has been centered in one area • Mexico City • Bangkok

13. China • Highest rural-to-urban migration rate in the world • 100 million in the last 10 years • 7 to 10 million leave rural areas each year • Projected to reach 500 million by 2020

14. HomeWork • Chapter 11 The Global South pgs. 301-312 • “If the West catches a cold, the Third World catches pneumonia.” How does Thomas Friedman support this statement – include an explanation that addresses all three points he makes. • Why should we understand and care about the Global South? • Explain the four defining characteristics of the Global South: poverty, environmental threats, identity and conflict, and globalization. • Which of these characteristics is most threatening to the stability and development of the Global South? • What were the goals of the imperializing countries? • What were the “three waves of decolonization?” • Explain how the experience of imperialism affects the Global South today.