Cultural Differences in Social Rituals

1. Promise of Bluebirds 1-1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement I. Read aloud Read the following passage aloud, making a pause between sense groups. Read aloud Audiovisual supplement Cultural differences among countries take many forms. / One noticeable difference is in social rituals. / For example, what are considered “good manners” in one country may be considered “bad manners” in another. / This is true in America and Japan, for the following reasons: / Americans make no distinctions among friends, acquaintances, elders, or superiors in everyday situations. / Therefore, when they see a close friend, a casual acquaintance, a teacher, / or even someone they know only by sight, / they are likely to say in all cases a casual and very friendly “hi”. / This does not mean they have no more regard for a friend than for a casual acquaintance, / but only that “hi” serves as a greeting for both. /

2. Promise of Bluebirds 1-2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement In contrast, Japanese bow politely when greeting acquaintances, / use an honorific form of address with older people, / and greet only the most intimate friends with the Japanese equivalent of “hi”. / Thus, to a Japanese, it seems either that Americans are continually insulting people, / or that they have a great number of intimate friends. / Read aloud Audiovisual supplement

3. Promise of Bluebirds 1-21 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement II. Audiovisual supplement Read aloud Film episode: Free Willy Audiovisual supplement Questions: 1. How does the girl think of the fish they buy? 2. Do you like to have pets? Why? Answers for reference: 1. She thinks the fish they buy are crap. 2. Open answer.

4. Promise of Bluebirds 1-2_pop1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Kid: Kid: Girl: Kid: Girl: Girl: Kid: Girl: Kid: Girl: Almost finished with this place. Come on, come on. Will you have a nice day too, grouch? He likes messing with people’s heads, doesn’t he? Yes, he does! If I can’t get him to perform, no one can. Orcas are usually nice and smart, but Willy’s smarter and nasty. You really like him, huh? Yeah! Good, you can help me out. Broken belly, toss it. Look, this is a good fish, that’s a bad fish. Good fish, bad fish. Every day we gotta sort out what Willy can eat from the cheap crap they buy. Willy’s a killer whale, right? So, would he kill us? No. Orcas are just hunters. Mostly they eat fish. Well, sometimes they’ll eat porpoises, squid, birds … sharks … what he really likes is salmon. That’s his chocolate. Read aloud Audiovisual supplement

5. Promise of Bluebirds 1-2_pop2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Kid: Girl: Kiss me, kiss me, kiss me. Ready to get back to your painting? Read aloud Audiovisual supplement

6. Promise of Bluebirds 1-2_video Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Read aloud Audiovisual supplement ■

7. Promise of Bluebirds 2-1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement I. Text analysis Text analysis Structural analysis The text vividly describes the harmonious relationship between man and nature through the unique friendship between an ordinary old man and bluebirds — a species of North American songbird. Cultural background

8. Promise of Bluebirds 2-2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement II. Structural analysis Text analysis Structural analysis the importance of the bluebirds to the old man who was struggling with death Paragraphs 1- 7 — Cultural background Paragraphs 8-19 — the life of the old man, his philosophy of life, his sacrifice for the family and his love for bluebirds Paragraphs 20 - 30 — how the old man treated the birds and how the birds paid him back

9. Promise of Bluebirds 2-3_1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement III. Cultural background Text introduction Structural analysis Bluebirds are a member of the thrush family related to the American Robin. They are very beneficial to us, eating large quantities of insects, such as cutworms and grasshoppers, considered damaging to our crops and gardens. These beautiful birds were once very common in the United States. However, over the last century their numbers have diminished due to loss of natural habitat, overuse of pesticides and predators. Cultural background

10. Promise of Bluebirds 2-3_2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Bluebirds eat large quantities of insects. In fact 60 － 80% of their diet is insects. They like to perch on fence posts or small trees and swoop down to eat insects on the grassy ground. They won’t typically visit your seed feeders, but will enjoy berry or insect suet. They enjoy the berries and fruits of dogwood, red cedar, sumac, bayberry, Virginia creeper, holly, blueberry, hackberry and elderberry. Bluebirds prefer to live in open park lands, pastures and meadows. They nest in natural tree cavities and old woodpecker holes. When natural nesting sites are scarce, they will readily use nesting boxes built to correct dimensions. They like soft grasses and fragrant pine needles as nesting material. Text introduction Structural analysis Cultural background

11. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Promise of Bluebirds Joanne J. Henry The Pennsylvania landscape was in severe wintry garb as our car sped west over the interstate. The season was wrong, but I couldn’t get bluebirds out of my head. Only three weeks before, at Christmas, Dad had given me a nesting box he’d made. He had a special feeling for the brilliant creatures, and each spring he eagerly awaited their return. Now I wondered, will he ever see one again? It was a heart attack. Dad’s third. When I got to the hospital at 2 a.m., he was losing the fight. As the family hovered at his bedside, he drifted in and out of consciousness. Once he looked up at Mom sitting beside the bed holding his hand. “They want me to let go,” he said, “but I can’t. I don’t want to.”

12. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Mom patted his arm. “Just hold on to me,” she murmured. The next morning the cardiologist met us in the waiting room. “He’s still fighting,” the doctor said. “I’ve never seen such strength.” A miner, Dad had not had an easy life. He and Mom raised six kids at a time when coal miners earned as little as 25 cents a ton, and he loaded nine tons a day. Even now, I’m sure we don’t know most of the sacrifices they made for us. I remembered Dad’s hard hat, its carbide lamp showing a fine pall of coal dust. Dad’s gray-green eyes seemed large and wise as an owl’s in his blackened face. They often sparkled with devilment when they met yours in conversation. Each evening he came home, eager to take up his crosscut saw or claw hammer. Dad could chock a piece of walnut on his lathe and deftly turn out a cherry fold-top desk with fine, dovetailed drawers as easily as he could fashion a fishing-line threader out of an old ballpoint pen.

13. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text3-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Dad bought our plain, two-story house from the coal company and immediately began to remodel it. Our house was the first on the hill to have an indoor bathroom and hot water. He spent one summer digging out the clay-filled foundation to install a coal furnace. We children no longer shivered in our bedrooms on cold winter mornings. Dad carried a spirit of craftsmanship into every job and expected the same from all six children. Each job had its claim on your best efforts. And every tool had its name. Those were his principles, and we lived by them just as Dad did. His playful spirit would set us to giggling — like the time he was building a fireplace in the backyard. He sent us to look for the “stone-bender” he needed to make the cornerstones fit more evenly. “Guess I’ll have to bend them myself,” he said when we returned empty-handed. We saw the sparkle in his eyes, and knew we’d been had.

14. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text4-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Sitting in the hospital waiting room, I thought back to an afternoon in Dad’s workshop several years ago. He was retired by then, but he kept busy building beautiful furniture, now for his children’s homes. A volunteer naturalist, I was eager to tell him about the help bluebirds needed. When the early settlers had cleared forests for farmland, I explained, bluebirds flourished, nesting in fence-posts and orchard trees. But their habitat was disappearing, and now the birds needed nesting boxes. Dad listened as I spoke, his hands gently moving a fine-grained sand-paper over a piece of oak. I asked him if he would like to build a box. He said he would think about it. Several weeks later he invited me into his workshop. There, on his workbench, sat three well-crafted bluebird nesting boxes. “Think the birds will like them?” he asked.

15. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text5-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement “As much as I do,” I replied, hugging him. Dad put up the boxes, and the next spring bluebirds nested in his yard. He was hooked. Dad became quite an expert on the species. Bluebirds, he would say, are harbingers of hope and triumph, renowned for family loyalty. A pair will have two or three broods a year, the earlier young sometimes helping to feed the later nestlings. The presence of his children must have boosted Dad’s spirits after his attack because he grew stronger and left the hospital on Valentine’s Day. When I visited my parents at the end of March,Dad was confined to the downstairs. But I noticed that he paused longer and longer at the windows facing the backyard. I knew what he was hoping to see. And one day a bright flash of color circled the nesting box closest to our house. “Well, it’s about time the rascals showed, don’t you think?” Dad said.

16. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text6-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Sporting a resplendent blue head, back, and wings and tail, a male bluebird sang his courtship song so passionately that we dubbed him “Caruso” after the Italian tenor. A female appeared, but rejected the nesting box. Caruso found another in the field below the yard. He circled the new box, singing feverishly. She remained aloof on a distant perch. Dad was walking more and more each day as the love story unfolded. I could see strength coming back into his wiry frame. One day Caruso battled a rival for the female’s attention. Then she fought an even more vehement battle with another female. Afterward she resumed her haughty stance while he fervently continued with his rapturous repertoire. Suddenly one exquisite morning, when the sky mirrored Caruso’s courting raiment, she flew back to the box nearest the house and inspected it thoroughly. Caruso hovered nearby and sang blissfully as she finally accepted him.

17. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text7-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Shortly thereafter she proceeded to lay one egg a day until there were six. Caruso fluttered outside, defending the nest while she incubated. Dad was now well enough to go outside, but he still couldn’t reach the backyard. He asked us to check inside the nesting box once a day. When we’d return, the question came. “Is she on the nest?” he asked. “Have the eggs hatched? Did you see that showboat what’s-his-name?” “Caruso, Dad,” I replied. “He has a name, you know.” Dad’s sly grin reflected the devilment that had returned to his eyes. When the eggs hatched, we marveled at the herculean efforts Caruso and his mate expended to capture insects for their brood. Nestlings must be fed every 20 minutes.

18. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text8-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Near the end of May, the fledglings left the nest. By then Dad was able to walk to the fields beyond and see what other bluebird news there might be. Mom and I would watch him from the kitchen window. “He gave something to those bluebirds,” she said quietly one day. “Now they’ve given it back.”

19. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Promise of Bluebirds Joanne J. Henry The Pennsylvania landscape was in severe wintrygarb as our car sped west over the interstate. The season was wrong, but I couldn’t get bluebirds out of my head. Only three weeks before, at Christmas, Dad had given me a nesting box he’d made. He had a special feeling for the brilliant creatures, and each spring he eagerly awaited their return. Now I wondered, will he ever see one again? It was a heart attack. Dad’s third. When I got to the hospital at 2 a.m., he was losing the fight. As the family hovered at his bedside, he drifted in and out of consciousness. Once he looked up at Mom sitting beside the bed holding his hand. “They want me to let go,” he said, “but I can’t. I don’t want to.”

20. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Mom patted his arm. “Just hold on to me,” she murmured. The next morning the cardiologist met us in the waiting room. “He’s still fighting,” the doctor said. “I’ve never seen such strength.” A miner, Dad had not had an easy life. He and Mom raised six kids at a time when coal miners earned as little as 25 cents a ton, and he loaded nine tons a day. Even now, I’m sure we don’t know most of the sacrifices they made for us. I remembered Dad’s hard hat, its carbide lamp showing a fine pall of coal dust. Dad’s gray-green eyes seemed large and wise as an owl’s in his blackened face. They often sparkled with devilment when they met yours in conversation. Each evening he came home, eager to take up his crosscut saw or claw hammer. Dad could chock a piece of walnut on his lathe and deftly turn out a cherry fold-top desk with fine, dovetailed drawers as easily as he could fashion a fishing-line threader out of an old ballpoint pen.

21. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text3-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Dad bought our plain, two-story house from the coal company and immediately began to remodel it. Our house was the first on the hill to have an indoor bathroom and hot water. He spent one summer digging out the clay-filled foundation to install a coal furnace. We children no longer shivered in our bedrooms on cold winter mornings. Dad carried a spirit of craftsmanship into every job and expected the same from all six children. Each job had its claim on your best efforts. And every tool had its name. Those were his principles, and we lived by them just as Dad did. His playful spirit would set us to giggling — like the time he was building a fireplace in the backyard. He sent us to look for the “stone-bender” he needed to make the cornerstones fit more evenly. “Guess I’ll have to bend them myself,” he said when we returned empty-handed. We saw the sparkle in his eyes, and knew we’d been had.

22. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text4-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Sitting in the hospital waiting room, I thought back to an afternoon in Dad’s workshop several years ago. He was retired by then, but he kept busy building beautiful furniture, now for his children’s homes. A volunteer naturalist, I was eager to tell him about the help bluebirds needed. When the early settlers had cleared forests for farmland, I explained, bluebirds flourished, nesting in fence-posts and orchard trees. But their habitat was disappearing, and now the birds needed nesting boxes. Dad listened as I spoke, his hands gently moving a fine-grained sand-paper over a piece of oak. I asked him if he would like to build a box. He said he would think about it. Several weeks later he invited me into his workshop. There, on his workbench, sat three well-crafted bluebird nesting boxes. “Think the birds will like them?” he asked.

23. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text5-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement “As much as I do,” I replied, hugging him. Dad put up the boxes, and the next spring bluebirds nested in his yard. He was hooked. Dad became quite an expert on the species. Bluebirds, he would say, are harbingers of hope and triumph, renowned for family loyalty. A pair will have two or three broods a year, the earlier young sometimes helping to feed the later nestlings. The presence of his children must have boosted Dad’s spirits after his attack because he grew stronger and left the hospital on Valentine’s Day. When I visited my parents at the end of March,Dad was confined to the downstairs. But I noticed that he paused longer and longer at the windows facing the backyard. I knew what he was hoping to see. And one day a bright flash of color circled the nesting box closest to our house. “Well, it’s about time the rascals showed, don’t you think?” Dad said.

24. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text6-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Sporting a resplendent blue head, back, and wings and tail, a male bluebird sang his courtship song so passionately that we dubbed him “Caruso” after the Italian tenor. A female appeared, but rejected the nesting box. Caruso found another in the field below the yard. He circled the new box, singing feverishly. She remained aloof on a distant perch. Dad was walking more and more each day as the love story unfolded. I could see strength coming back into his wiry frame. One day Caruso battled a rival for the female’s attention. Then she fought an even more vehement battle with another female. Afterward she resumed her haughty stance while he fervently continued with his rapturousrepertoire. Suddenly one exquisite morning, when the sky mirrored Caruso’s courting raiment, she flew back to the box nearest the house and inspected it thoroughly. Caruso hovered nearby and sang blissfully as she finally accepted him.

25. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text7-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Shortly thereafter she proceeded to lay one egg a day until there were six. Caruso fluttered outside, defending the nest while she incubated. Dad was now well enough to go outside, but he still couldn’t reach the backyard. He asked us to check inside the nesting box once a day. When we’d return, the question came. “Is she on the nest?” he asked. “Have the eggs hatched? Did you see that showboat what’s-his-name?” “Caruso, Dad,” I replied. “He has a name, you know.” Dad’s sly grin reflected the devilment that had returned to his eyes. When the eggs hatched, we marveled at the herculean efforts Caruso and his mate expended to capture insects for their brood. Nestlings must be fed every 20 minutes.

26. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text8-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Near the end of May, the fledglings left the nest. By then Dad was able to walk to the fields beyond and see what other bluebird news there might be. Mom and I would watch him from the kitchen window. “He gave something to those bluebirds,” she said quietly one day. “Now they’ve given it back.”

27. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_S_… he drifted Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement … he drifted in and out of consciousness. Paraphrase: … he lost and regained consciousness every now and then. ……他时而清醒，时而昏迷。

28. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2_S_ They often… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement They often sparkled with devilment when they met yours in conversation. Paraphrase: The sparkle in his eyes often betrayed his playful spirit when they met your eyes in conversation. 你们四目相对交谈时，他的眼睛常常暴露他爱玩的天性。

29. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text5_S_ The presence… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement The presence of his children must have boosted Dad’s spirits after his attack ... Paraphrase: Dad must have been encouraged by his children’s presence at his bedside in his fight against the heart attack … 孩子们的出现肯定鼓舞了他与心脏病作斗争的意志。

30. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text5_S_ Dad was … Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement … Dad was confined to the downstairs. Paraphrase: … Dad could only move around in the rooms downstairs, unable to climb upstairs or go outside. ……父亲只能在楼下活动。

31. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text6_ Afterward… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Afterward she resumed her haughty stance while he fervently continued with his rapturous repertoire. Paraphrase: After the fight, she assumed again her arrogant posture while Caruso passionately went on with his pleasant courtship songs. 打斗过后，那只鸟儿恢复了它高傲的姿态，卡鲁索也继续深情地唱它的求爱歌。

32. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text6_ Suddenly one… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Suddenly one exquisite morning, when the sky mirrored Caruso’s courting raiment ... Paraphrase: Suddenly one extremely clear morning, when the sky was as blue as the color of Caruso’s feathers … 一个天气特别晴朗的早晨，天空就像卡鲁索的求爱华装一样蔚蓝。

33. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ landscape 1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement landscape n. all the visible features of an area of countryside or land e.g. Arizona’s desert landscape a gentle landscape of rolling hills Other Usage: landscape v.: improve the appearance (of a garden, park, etc.) by means of landscape gardening Collocation: landscape architecture landscape gardening

34. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ landscape2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 他已经厌倦了丑陋的城市风景。 He is tired of the ugly urban landscape. 2) 我们迁到了一个新的地区，到处是树篱和田地。 We moved to a new area and a landscape of hedges and fields.

35. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ wintry1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement wintry adj. characteristic of winter, especially in feeling or looking very cold Wintry weather continues to sweep across Britain. a dark wintry day e.g. Transformation: winter n. Synonym: cold, chill, chilly

36. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ wintry2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following phrases into English. 1) 寒冬的景色 a wintry scene 2) 冷淡的微笑 a wintry smile

37. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ garb1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement garb n. clothing of a particular style e.g. a familiar figure in civilian garb He wore the garb of a scout, not a general. Comparison: garment & gown garment: article of clothing gown: a woman’s dress, especially one worn on formal occasions

38. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ garb2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Fill in the blank with the appropriate word. garb garment gown 1) a beautiful evening 2) the industry 3) a man in clerical gown ______ garment _______ garb _____

39. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W-nest1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement nest v. make and use a place where an animal produces and keeps its young Other Usage: nest n. 1) place where an animal produces and keeps its young e.g. I can see an eagle’s nest on the rocks. 2) comfortable place e.g. make oneself a nest of cushions Idiom: feather one’s nest: make things comfortable for oneself; enrich oneself foul one’s own nest: abuse one’s own family

40. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_nest2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 燕子正在车库做窝。 Swallows are nesting in the garage. 2) 他们把小屋布置成一个安乐窝。 They made the cottage into a cozy nest.

41. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_await 1` Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement await v. 1) (formal) wait for Very little was said as they awaited the arrival of the distinguished guests. Simpson was awaiting the trial, which was expected to begin the next spring. e.g. 2) be ready for e.g. A warm welcome awaits you.

42. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_awai 2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 我在等他们的回音。 I am awaiting their reply. 2) 死亡等待着所有的人。 Death awaits all men.

43. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ hover1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement hover v. 1) (of a person) wait or linger close at hand in an uncertain manner e.g. Judith was hovering in the doorway. With no idea of what to do for my next move, my hand hovered over the board. 2) stay in the air in one place e.g. A helicopter was hovering above the crowd. Comparison: hovel hovel: a small hut, especially one that is dirty or needs a lot of repair

44. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ hover2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 他在门口徘徊，等着与我谈话。 He was hovering by the door, waiting to talk to me. 2) 我们现在处于生死关头。 We are hovering between life and death.

45. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ drift1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement drift v. move passively or aimlessly into a certain situation or condition e.g. There is a general feeling that the country and economy alike are drifting. We need to offer young people drifting into crime an alternative set of values. Other Usage: drift n. Collocation: drift into: get into (a situation in a way that is not planned or controlled)

46. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text1_W_ drift2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 她一生浑噩度日，始终无固定职业。 She drifts through life taking one job after another. 2) 这家企业盲目地走向破产之路。 The corporation is drifting towards bankruptcy.

47. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2_W_cardiologist Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement cardiologist n. a doctor who specializes in cardiology, the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the heart

48. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2_W_ sacrifice 1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement sacrifice n. an act of giving up something valued for the sake of something else regarded as more important or worthy She made many sacrifices to get her son a good education. e.g. Other Usage: sacrifice v. Transformation: sacrificial adj. Idiom: sacrificial lamb: someone who is blamed unfairly for something that he didn’t do, usually in order to protect another more powerful person

49. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2_W_ sacrifice2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English. 1) 小牛被作为祭品献给了女神。 A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess. 2) 牺牲健康去赚钱值得吗？ Is the sacrifice of one’s health to moneymaking worthwhile?

50. Promise of Bluebirds 3.text2_W_ pall 1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement pall n. a dark cloud or covering of smoke, dust or something similar e.g. a pall of smoke A pall of oily black smoke drifted over the cliff-top. Other Usage: pall v.: make less interesting or enjoyable Collocation: cast a pall over sth.: make something less enjoyable than it should be