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Mortality

Mortality. Mortality Measures Stylized Facts Mortality Determinants. Mortality measures. Crude death rate (CDR): CDR = deaths/population (000s). Mortality measures (cont). Life expectancy at birth: Definition – expected years lived by group subject to current age-specific death rates.

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Mortality

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  1. Mortality • Mortality Measures • Stylized Facts • Mortality Determinants

  2. Mortality measures Crude death rate (CDR): CDR = deaths/population (000s)

  3. Mortality measures (cont) Life expectancy at birth: Definition – expected years lived by group subject to current age-specific death rates

  4. Life Table Concepts Radix – initial population qx – probability of dying lx – survivors Lx – years lived Tx – cumulative years lived ex – expected years lived Handout: Abridged life table for Hawaii, 1919-20

  5. II. Stylized Facts • Prior to c1750 mortality rates were high and variable. Famines and epidemics were recurring throughout the world. • Mortality decline began c1750-1800 in Europe; very gradual at first, then more rapid. • Mortality decline in developing countries is much more recent – a 20th century phenomenon.

  6. II. Stylized Facts (continued) • Life expectancy diverged then converged; substantial international differences persist. • Age-pattern of mortality is U-shaped in traditional societies; early declines are at young ages: Hawaii 1920 vs US 2000 • Mortality rates usually lower for women. • Epidemeological transition accompanies mortality transition. Early – infectious disease is major cause of death Late – degenerative disease is major cause of death

  7. II. Stylized Facts (continued) • Close relationship between income and life expectancy but disagreement about why. Some low-income countries have achieved high life expectancy. Feeney and Mason 2001 • The relationship between income and life expectancy is shifting over time. • In recent years mortality conditions have become more variable with emergence of HIV/AIDS and economic and social disruption

  8. III. Mortality Determinants Existing studies emphasize four factors • Public health measures • Advances in medical knowledge and practice • Improved personal hygiene • Rising incomes and standards of living

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