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Major Religions in Europe: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Major Religions in Europe: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. SS6G11 B. Describe the major religions in Europe; include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. EQ: What are the characteristics of the three major religions in Europe (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)?. Europe is home to many religions

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Major Religions in Europe: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

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  1. Major Religions in Europe: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam SS6G11 B. Describe the major religions in Europe; include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. EQ: What are the characteristics of the three major religions in Europe (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)?

  2. Europe is home to many religions • Three main ones: Judaism, Christianity, & Islam • These religions have some similarities & even a common history

  3. Religion has been very important in the history of Europe • Wars have been fought & government leaders have been changed • Today, most Europeans have the freedom to choose their religion & they respect the religion of others

  4. MONOTHEISM • Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are major faiths that are examples of monotheism, or belief in one supreme god.

  5. I. JUDAISM • First practiced by a small group of people in Southwest Asia called the Israelites. • Founded by Abraham around 2000 BC. • Followers today are known as Jews and there are about 15 million worldwide. • Holy book is the Torah.

  6. Jewish Beliefs: • Believe that they descended from Abraham and Sarah, the first people to worship Yahweh (God). • Abraham lived at least 3,700 years ago in what is now Iraq.

  7. Jerusalem, Israel

  8. Diaspora • Over the centuries, the Jews would be conquered and forced to leave their homeland many times. • Eventually, they spread to countries in many parts of the world. • Scattering of the Jews = Diaspora. • In many areas, the Jews were treated cruelly… • European Jews were nearly wiped out by Hitler and Nazi Germany

  9. Jewish Diaspora

  10. Holy Days • Passover: festival that retells the story of the Israelites fleeing Egypt. • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year’s Day. • Yom Kippur: known as the Day of Atonement. People fast (go without food) and pray on this day.

  11. II. Christianity • Arose from Judaism in Southwest Asia. • A Jew named Jesus began preaching in what today is Israel, the West Bank, and Jordan around 30 AD. • Some Jews greeted him as the messiah, or savior, who would deliver them from Roman persecution.

  12. Christianity • Followers of Jesus are called Christians. • The holy book of the Christians is the Bible; stories about Jesus became the New Testament. • There are about 2.1 billion followers worldwide.

  13. Christianity • Beliefs are based on the teachings of Jesus: • love of God and others, • a regard for justice, • a belief that Jesus is the Son of God • Divided into 3 major groups: Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, & Protestant • Practiced in most parts of the world today

  14. Holy Days • Christmas: Jesus’ birthday. • Good Friday: day Jesus was crucified. • Easter: most important day of Christian calendar; believed to be the day that Jesus rose from the dead.

  15. III. ISLAM • Began around 610 AD in Southwest Asia. • In Arabic, Islam means “surrender” to the will of Allah (God). • Followers of Islam are called Muslims, and the founder is Muhammad. • Believe that Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet of Islam, which included Abraham & Jesus.

  16. Two letters written by Muhammad…so old!

  17. Muhammad’s swords Muhammad’s hat, robe, and staff

  18. A piece of Muhammad’s hair! One of Muhammad’s sandals

  19. The Green Dome in Madinah Muhammad’s grave lies under the Green Dome. (Above is his casket.)

  20. Islam • Is the main religion of the Middle East, North Africa, & Asia • Two largest groups of Muslims are the Sunnis and the Shiites • The Sunnis account for 90% of the world’s Muslims • Number of followers is growing at a rapid rate; faster than the other 2 religions • 1.3 billion followers worldwide

  21. The Koran • The Muslim holy book is the Koran. • Describes the Five Pillars of Faith (obligations all Muslims must fulfill).

  22. Five Pillars of Faith: • The main duties of Muslims: • Prayer, • Giving to charity, • Belief in and submission to one God (Allah), • Fasting during the month of Ramadan, • and a trip to Mecca once in a lifetime.

  23. The Grand Mosque in Mecca

  24. SS6G11a/b lesson questions • 1. What have Europeans done to try to solve the problem of so many languages? • 2. Which languages come from the language of the ancient Roman Empire? • 3. Which of the three main religions of Europe is the oldest? • 4. How are the three main religions of Europe alike? • 5. What is the meaning of monotheistic?

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