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JAZZ AGE POLITICS

JAZZ AGE POLITICS. “THE BUSINESS OF THE NATION IS BUSINESS” --Calvin Coolidge. REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTS. A series of Republican Presidents favored business and conservative values, which left the Progressive movement barely alive. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT. Women’s movement

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JAZZ AGE POLITICS

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  1. JAZZ AGE POLITICS “THE BUSINESS OF THE NATION IS BUSINESS” --Calvin Coolidge

  2. REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTS A series of Republican Presidents favored business and conservative values, which left the Progressive movement barely alive.

  3. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT • Women’s movement • Formation of League of Women Voters • Most reform at state and local level

  4. LABOR IN THE 1920s • Public opinion turned against unions. • Strikes disrupted everyday life. • Union membership declining 1920-5.1 million. • 1929-3.6million.

  5. FOREIGN POLICY • Period of isolationism • U.S. did help to improve European economy • Which led to the...

  6. DAWES PLAN • Large loans to Germany to repay allies. • Allies then could pay U.S. Problem ...

  7. If money from U.S. stopped flowing, the world financial structure could collapse.

  8. HARDING AS PRESIDENT • Elected in 1920 • Reduced federal budget • Supported anti-lynching law

  9. Harding put pressure on U.S. Steel to go to the 8 hr. work day. Herbert Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce and did a very good job, as did Charles Evans Hughes as Secretary of State.

  10. 1921 ARMS CONFERENCE • Held in Washington, DC • Goal: Protect the economy by limiting arms spending. • Several countries joined and agreed to limit naval spending.

  11. Nine nations also agreed to recognize the Open Door policy and guarantee China’s independence.

  12. Andrew Mellon served as Secretary of the Treasury and instituted tax policies that favored the rich. He believed that the money would benefit the entire economy.

  13. The Revenue Act of 1921 abolished the excess profits tax, cut the top tax rate to 50%, and raised corporate taxes only slightly.

  14. The Fordney-McCumber tariff protected new industries like rayon and raised the average tariff to 38.5%.

  15. HARDING’S PROBLEMS • Appointed friends to high positions. • Many ended up being corrupt.

  16. Thomas Miller jailed for accepting bribes. Charles Forbes convicted of fraud and bribery as he skimmed overcharges in the building of Veterans’ hospitals.

  17. ALBERT FALL • Secretary of the Interior • 1922 - 1923 took bribes to lease government land to oil companies. • known as Teapot Dome scandal.

  18. Albert Fall was fined $100,000 and sent to jail for one year. Harding said “This is a h--- of a job, I have no trouble with my enemies, but my friends, my d--- friends.”

  19. DEATH OF HARDING • Harding died August 2, 1923 • Some thought it was a suicide, but it was probably a heart attack. • Calvin Coolidge was now President.

  20. The Coolidge administration was known as “the era of wonderful nonsense.” He was shy and favored traditional values. Critics said his facial expression looked like he was “weaned on a dill pickle.”

  21. CALVIN COOLIDGE • He also supported business • Balanced the budget • Reduced government debt • Lowered taxes for the rich

  22. ELECTION OF 1924 • Economic good times • Coolidge nominated by GOP • Slogan-”Keep cool with Coolidge” • Country had little desire for change

  23. The Democrats nominated John Davis and his running mate was Charles Bryan (brother of William). They called for a competitive tariff and joining the League of Nations.

  24. Robert Lafollette ran as a Progressive Republican and called for government ownership of railroads and public utilities. Coolidge won a big victory!

  25. DOMESTIC ISSUES Income taxes were further reduced and the Flood Control Act spent $325 million to control flooding on the Mississippi. TOP NEWS STORY...

  26. Nellie Taylor was the first woman elected governor-- in Wyoming. ALSO...

  27. FOREIGN POLICY The U.S. continued its involvement in Latin America, sending troops into Nicaragua and getting involved in the politics of other nations.

  28. KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT • Plan to maintain world peace • Secretary of State Frank Kellogg & French Minister Briand. • 63 countries signed a pledge to condemn war. • No way to enforce it.

  29. Kellogg won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts, and the pact was ratified by the Senate on January 29, 1929.

  30. ELECTION OF 1928 It was believed that Coolidge would seek a second term, since he served less than half of Harding’s term, but he chose not to run.

  31. ELECTION OF 1928 • Herbert Hoover nominated by Republicans. • Slogan--“Who, but Hoover?” • Gave speech at national convention

  32. “We, in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of this land.”

  33. The Democrats nominated Al Smith, whose platform included farm relief, collective bargaining for labor, regulation of power and independence for the Philippines.

  34. The Republicans ran on a theme of prosperity and coined the slogan “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage” This became a rural vs. urban campaign.

  35. Hoover was from rural Iowa, while Smith was from New York City. Hoover was in favor of prohibition, while Smith was against. Hoover got 444 electoral votes to Smith’s 87.

  36. The Republicans also won control of both houses of Congress. Smith lost the south because he was a Catholic, and it was the 1st time since the Civil War that the south voted Republican.

  37. Hoover was a trained engineer and believed in “rugged individualism.” The Agricultural Marketing Act was passed in 1929 to promote cooperatives.

  38. The Veterans Administration Act created the Veterans Administration. The Star Spangled Banner was adopted as the national anthem. ALSO...

  39. FOREIGN POLICY Japan violated the Kellogg-Briand pact by attacking Manchuria in China and Henry Stimson, the Secretary of State demanded recognition of the Open Door.

  40. More serious problems within the U.S. took Hoover’s time as the Great Depression took over the nation. BUT, THAT'S ANOTHER LECTURE

  41. NEXT TIME... CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

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