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Chapter 4, Section 4 Pages 148-155

Chapter 4, Section 4 Pages 148-155. Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals. Properties of Nonmetals. An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. Poor conductors of electric current and heat. Physical Properties. Opposite of Metals.

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Chapter 4, Section 4 Pages 148-155

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  1. Chapter 4, Section 4Pages 148-155 Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

  2. Properties of Nonmetals • An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. • Poor conductors of electric current and heat.

  3. Physical Properties • Opposite of Metals. • Good insulators; most are gases (fig. 25, pg. 149). • Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle.

  4. Chemical Properties • Atoms of nonmetals usually gain or share electrons. • When a metal and nonmetal react the electrons move from the metal to the nonmetal. • When two nonmetals react they share electrons.

  5. The Carbon Family • Can gain, share or lose four electrons when reacting with other elements. • Group 14 • Most fuels contain Carbon.

  6. The Nitrogen Family • Group 15 • Nitrogen occurs in nature as a diatomic molecule; meaning it consists of two atoms. • Nitrogen and Phosphorus are grouped in the same family of the periodic table. (fig. 28, pg. 151)

  7. The Oxygen Family • Group 16 • Contains Oxygen, Selenium and Sulfur. • Is a diatomic molecule (O2) that can turn into a triatomic molecule (O3). • O3 is also known as Ozone.

  8. The Halogen Family • Group 17 • Halogen means salt forming. • Gains or shares one electron when reacting with another element. • Very reactive and dangerous to humans. (fig. 30, pg. 153)

  9. Inert Gases • Group 18 • Tend to be unreactive. • Also known as the noble gases. • Used to make neon lights.

  10. Hydrogen • The element with the simplest atoms. • Upper left corner of the periodic table. • Have one proton and one electron. • Fig 32, pg. 134.

  11. Semimetals • Have some properties of metals but also have properties that are typical of nonmetals. • The most useful property of the semimetals is their varying ability to conduct electric current. • Examples of semiconductors; can conduct electric current under certain conditions.

  12. Radioactive Elements • Radioactivity: A reaction that occurs in the nucleus of an atom. This reaction causes the atom to spontaneously emit radiation. (figure 35, pg. 159) • Radioactive Decay: The atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes releasing fast-moving particles and energy. • Tracers: Radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process.

  13. Types of Radioactive Decay • Alpha Decay: Produces an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. • Beta Decay: Produces a beta particle, which is a fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay. • Gamma Decay: Produces Gamma Radiation, which consist of high-energy waves similar to X-rays. • Figures 37 & 38, pg.’s 160-161

  14. Questions??? • Complete your notes and summaries.

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