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The Height of Italian Dominance

The Height of Italian Dominance. Opera Seria and the Italian Concerto Style. Opera Seria and Its Makers. Neapolitan Opera Teatro di San Bartolomeo , opened in 1654 Opera seria (serious opera). Opera Seria and Its Makers. Alessandro Scarlatti ( 1660–1725 )

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The Height of Italian Dominance

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  1. The Height of Italian Dominance Opera Seria and the Italian Concerto Style

  2. Opera Seria and Its Makers • Neapolitan Opera • Teatrodi San Bartolomeo, opened in 1654 • Opera seria(serious opera)

  3. Opera Seria and Its Makers • Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725) • serenatas (miniature operas)

  4. Opera Seria and Its Makers • Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725) • cantatas • Andate, omieisospiri (1712) [Anthology 1-79] • siciliana • da capo aria • tonic, dominant • sinfonia, episode • binary form

  5. Opera and Its Many Reforms:Neoclassicism • Arcadian Academy (Arcadians) • wanted to restore opera to its original purity • Apostolo Zeno (1668–1750) • scholar and librettist

  6. Metastasio • Pietro Antonio Trapassi (1698–1782) • 60 librettos • set to music more than 800 times by more than 300 composers

  7. Metastasio • Metastasian libretto • 6 main roles • primo uomo (castrato role)and prima donna • sang half the arias • second couple • 3–4 arias each • “remainders” • Artaserse • 90 known settings

  8. Metastasio’s Musicians • Carlo Broschi (Farinelli) (1705–1782) • castrato • cadenza, passaggi

  9. Corelli and New Tonal Practices • Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713) • Virtuoso violinist • The birth of harmonically controlled and elaborated form

  10. Corelli and New Tonal Practices • Worked almost exclusively in Rome • Sonata da camera (Chamber Sonata) • dance suite • Sonata dachiesa(Church Sonata) • sacred venues • solo violin and continuo • “trio sonata” • concerto grosso

  11. Corelli and New Tonal Practices • Corelli, Op. 3 (1689) • 12 Church Trio Sonatas • No. 11 [Anthology 1-80] • “circle of fifths” • harmonic rhythm

  12. Vivaldi’s Five Hundred • Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) • PioOspedaledellaPietà • Approximately 500 surviving Concertos

  13. The Vivaldi Concerto • Ritornellos • Solos, episodes • Ripieno, full ensemble

  14. Music Imitating Nature:Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons • Il cimento dell’ armoniae dell’ inventione, Op. 8 (1725) • set of 12 concertos • first four, Le quattrostagioni (The Four Seasons) • La primavera(Spring) [Anthology 1-81]

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