Chapter 5 The Spirit of Independence (1763-1776)

1. Chapter 5 The Spirit of Independence (1763-1776) Section 3 A Call to Arms

2. Essential Question Bell Ringer What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord? • What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

3. The Continental Congress • September 1774, 55 delegates from the colonies (except Georgia) met • In Philadelphia • Met to represent American interests and challenge British control • Called the Continental Congress

4. Section 3 • A • B • C • D The purpose of the Continental Congress was to accomplish which of the following tasks? A.Support British rule B.Explore a new continent C.Challenge British control D.Establish a new boycott

5. Delegates to the Congress • Massachusetts sent Samuel Adams and his cousin John Adams • New York sent John Jay • Virginia sent Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington • Patrick Henry said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”

6. Decisions of the Congress • The Delegates drafted grievances calling for a repeal of the acts • Said the laws violated their rights • Voted to boycott British trade • Decided to endorse the Suffolk Resolves • Called for people to arm themselves against the British • People formed militias (groups of citizen soldiers)

7. Training Militias • Mostly in New England • Had training sessions • Made bullets • Stockpiled rifles and muskets • Minutemen were ready to fight on a minute’s notice

8. Britain Sends Troops • King George said the New England Colonies were “in a state of rebellion” • George realized that fighting was going to happen • By April 1775, several thousand British soldiers were in and around Boston • Many more were on their way • Under the command of Thomas Gage, the British were to take the weapons of the militias • Also arrest the leaders

9. Militia Weapons • Gage learned that the weapons and ammunition was at Concord • About 20 miles northwest of Boston • Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith and 700 troops were sent to Concord • “Where you will seize and destroy all the artillery and ammunition you can find”

10. Alerting the Colonists • On the night of April 18th, 1775 Dr. Joseph Warren saw the British begin to march out of Boston • Warren told Paul Revere and William Dawes (Both members of the sons of liberty) • They rode to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock • “The British are coming” “The regulars are out!” • Adams said “What a glorious morning this is!” ready to fight for independence

11. The Redcoats March On • At dawn the Redcoats approached Lexington • 70 minutemen were there led by John Parker • Minutemen stood on the town common with muskets in hand • The British yelled “Throw down your arms, ye villains, ye rebels!”

12. The Shot Heard Round The World • Somebody fired, then both sides exchanged bullets • 8 minutemen were dead • The British troops moved to take the ammunition, but most had already been moved • They destroyed the remaining supplies • At Concord’s North Bridge, the Minutemen turned back the British

13. Section 3 • A • B • C • D Where did the first battles of the Revolution take place? A.Boston and New York B.Washington and Philadelphia C.Suffolk and Charlestown D.Lexington and Concord

14. Marching Back to Boston • Blacksmiths, farmers, clerks, and others hid behind trees and stone fences • The militia fired at them as they marched • By the time they reached Boston, at least 174 were injured and 73 were dead • The battle for independence had begun

15. Benedict Arnold • Commander of the Connecticut militia • Was authorized to take Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain • Ticonderoga had needed military supplies • Ethan Allen helped with this attack with his Green Mountain Boys • They caught the British by surprise and they surrendered the fort on May 10th

16. Building Forces • Committees of Correspondence sent out calls for volunteers (helpers) to join the militias • The colonial militia was about 20,000 strong • The British and Colonists waited for who would make the next move

17. The Next Move • June 16th, 1775 about 1,200 militiamen under William Prescott • Set up fortifications at Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill across the harbor from Boston • The British decided to take the hill • Colonel Prescott said “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

18. Battle of Bunker Hill • William Howe with 2,200 men • Crossed by boat to the beaches below Breeds Hills • Formed assault lines • Guns ready, drums beat, marched up the hill • 15 paces away the Patriots began firing

19. More of the Battle of Bunker Hill • Twice the British rushed the hill • Twice they were turned back • American gunpowder ran out • British took the hill • Patriots viewed this as a victory • Over 1,000 redcoats were killed or wounded- 400 Patriot casualties • Patriots held its own against the world’s most powerful army • The British learned that defeating the Americans would not be quick or easy

20. Section 3 • A • B • C • D Which of the following shows the correct chronology? A.Bunker Hill, Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga B.Concord, Yorktown, Lexington C.Yorktown, Lexington, Concord D.Lexington, Ft. Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill

21. Choosing Sides • Americans had to make a choice • Join the rebels or remain loyal to Great Britain • Those that stayed with the British were called Loyalists • Those that sided with the Minutemen were called Patriots • This war was not just between the British and the Americans, but a civil war between the colonists • Patriots against Loyalists

22. Essential Question What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord? -Americans were arming themselves and expected an armed confrontation with British troops. -The British gave the Americans an excuse to confront them when British soldiers were ordered to march to Concord and seize artillery and weapons. • What brought about the clash between American colonists and British soldiers at Lexington and Concord?

23. Who said that "blows must decide" who would rule America? • George III • Edward III • Philip III • James III

24. Who had orders to take away the weapons of the Massachusetts militia? • George Washington • William Dawes • Thomas Gage • Paul Revere

25. Who, along with Paul Revere, warned John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the British were coming? • John Adams • Thomas Gage • George Washington • William Dawes

26. The Green Mountain Boys, who captured the British-held Fort Ticonderoga, were led by • Paul Revere. • Ethan Allen. • George Washington. • Ralph Waldo Emerson.

27. The British learned that defeating the Americans would not be easy after the British won the • Battle of Bunker Hill. • Battle of Boston. • Battle of Concord. • Battle of Lexington.